Lab 6: Environmental Effects On Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Describe the systemic circuit of mammalian CVS?
- left side of heart
- all body tissues except lungs
- associated vessels
Responsible for blood flow between heart and rest of body.
Define Daphnia pulex??
Model organism. A water flea used to observe secondary (heart rate)effects of changing environment.
Describe the Pulmonary Circuit of mammalian CVS??
- includes right side of heart
- the lungs
- associated vessels
Responsible for blood flow between heart and lungs.
Describe the hearts 4 valves in order from Vena Cavas??
1: Tricuspid (right atrioventricular)
2: pulmonary semilunar valve
3: Mitral (left atrioventricular)
4: aortic semilunar valve
Describe the ventricles of the heart from the Vena Cavas??
Two atriums above
Two ventricles below
Describe blood flow in CVS??
- deoxygenated blood flows through systemic circuit to heart.
- blood enters through superior/inferior vena cava
- enters right atrium
- passes tricuspid (right atrioventricular valve)
- to right ventricle
- up through pulmonary semilunar valve
- through pulmonary artery
- gas exchange occurs pulmonary capillary bed of lungs
- O2 blood enters through pulmonary vein
- into left atrium
- through Mitral (left atrioventricular valve)
- to left ventricle
- up through aortic semilunar valve
- to aorta
- to body tissues
Describe the 4 major vessels of the heart?
1: superior/inferior vena cava
2: pulmonary artery
3: pulmonary vein
4: aorta
Describe the effects of posture on Blood Pressure??
It’ll give you different readings due to the hydrostatic pressure in the circulatory system exerted by the volume of blood when it is confined in a blood vessel. The hydrostatic pressure, coupled with the osmotic pressure within a capillary is opposed by the hydrostatic and osmotic pressure of the surrounding tissues. Fluids flow from the higher pressure areas to the lower pressure areas. Can be due to constriction of vessels due to the bending of certain joints, gravity. A big one is arm position.
Describe the effects of activity on blood pressure?
Activity increases heart rate, which also increases stroke volume(amount of blood ejected per beat)
Majorly affects diastolic.
It can also kick off adrenaline which could lead to higher heart rate and BP.
What is the importance of model organisms??
They allows us to study and understand biological phenomenon with the expectation of providing insight into other organisms. Possible by the common descent of most living organisms and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution.
Define LUB, DUB??
Two audible sounds of heart valves as they close.
-LUB: associated with closing of AV valves
-DUB: associated with SL valves closing.
Define Blood Pressure?
The pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Highest at arterial system, lowest at vena cava.
Systolic pressure??
Produced as left ventricle contracts to pump blood into aorta.
Diastolic Pressure??
Represents when ventricles are relaxed.
Sphygmomanometer??
Blood pressure cuff.
