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Bio 2 Lab > Lab 6 > Flashcards

Lab 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how do plants cope with losing mositure

A
  1. waxy coating called cuticle to retain water
  2. pores for gas exchange called stomata
  3. protective jackets called gametangia
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2
Q

what is special about the plant life cycle

A

alternation of generation between sporophyte generation and gametophyte generation

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3
Q

sporophyte generation

A

multicellular diploid 2n sporophyte

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4
Q

gametophyte generation

A

multicellular haploid gametophyte

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5
Q

what does the reproduction of many land plants involve

A
  • flagellated sperm that must swim to egg through film of water
  • zygote is held within female layer of sterile jacket cells that protect embryo
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6
Q

what are the two groups plantae kingdom divided into

A
  • vascular- conductive tissue transporting water and minerals in the xylem and sugars in the phloem
  • nonvascular
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7
Q

what are the nonvascular plants

A

Bryophyta- mosses
Hepatophyta- liverworts
Anthocerophyta- hornwarts

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8
Q

what is the benefit of vascular plants

A

can grow tall and support specialization of organs such as roots, stems, and leaves

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9
Q

what is the problem with nonvascular plants

A

are small because there is no way for water to move deep in the soil to the leaves

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10
Q

innovation of seed importance

A

contains embryo with its food supply encased in seed coat

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11
Q

plants without seeds

A
  • lycophyta= club mosses
  • pterophyta= ferns
  • sphenophyta= horsetails
  • psilophyta= whisk ferns
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12
Q

plants with seeds that are not encased

A
  • coniferophyta= conifers
  • cycadophyta= cycads
  • ginkgophyta= ginkgo
  • gnetophyta= gnetophytes
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13
Q

plants with seeds encased in fruit

A

anthophyta= angiosperms
- eudicots: two seed leaves
- monocots: one seed leaf

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14
Q

what generation is dominant in bryophytes

A

gametophyte

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15
Q

bryophytes

A
  • lack vascular tissue
  • sporophyte dependent upon gametophyte for nutrients
  • do not produce flowers or seeds
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16
Q

what are the limits of bryophytes

A
  1. cannot grow large in size bc of no supporting tissue
  2. must live in damp places bc roots cannot penetrate deep enough
  3. photosynthetic parts are above ground and monosynthetic parts are below ground must be close together
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17
Q

antheridia

A

male gametophyte and contains sperm

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18
Q

archegonia

A

female gametophyte and contains eggs

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19
Q

sporangium

A

structure that produces and contains spores

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20
Q

what do spores germinate into in the bryophytes

A

protonema

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21
Q

what process produces the sperm in bryophytes

A

mitosis

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22
Q

what process produces the egg in bryophytes

A

mitosis

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23
Q

what process produces the spores in bryophytes

A

meiosis

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24
Q

what is the ploidy of a spore

A

haploid

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25
Q

what phase of moss life cycle consists of a leafy plant

A

sporophyte

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26
Q

xylem job

A

transport water and nutrients

27
Q

phloem

A

transports sugars

28
Q

in ferns which is the dominant generation

A

sporophyte

29
Q

megaphylls

A

large leaf

30
Q

microphylls

A

tiny leaf

31
Q

what do sporophylls bear

A

sporangia in which the spores are produced

32
Q

sori

A
  • brown or color spots under surface of fern
33
Q

how do ferns spread their spores far away

A

dried out cells shrinks the cells and the spores are flung away

34
Q

what do ferns rely on for reproduction

A

thin filaments of water

35
Q

what process produces spores in ferns

A

meiosis

36
Q

what process produces sperm in ferns

A

mitosis

37
Q

what process produces eggs in ferns

A

mitosis

38
Q

what structure does fertilization take place in

A

archegonium

39
Q

what make up the seed plants

A

gymnosperms (naked) and angiosperms (flowering)

40
Q

pollen grains

A

immature male gametophytes

41
Q

what do gymnosperms and angiosperms have that supports the stem of the plant

A

woody tissue

42
Q

what do angiosperms have that gymnosperms dont have in their seeds

A
  • endosperm
  • 3n
43
Q

are gymnosperms of seed plant encased in a fruit

A

no

44
Q

sporophylls

A

bear reproductive structures

45
Q

sporophyll on male cone gymnosperm (pine)

A
  • bears pollen sac
  • male sporangium where meiosis takes place
46
Q

what does meiosis result in male sporangium of gymnosperm (pine)

A

four male spores which each develop a male gametophyte

47
Q

what is the process of pollination

A

pollen grains are released from male pollen cone and reach the scales of female cones

48
Q

what occurs after pollination in gymnosperm (pine)

A

pollen tube begins to grow toward egg of female gameophyte

49
Q

what does each sporophyll of each female cone have

A

female sporangium
- meiosis followed by mitosis gives rise to female gametophyte

50
Q

what generation is the female cone in gymnosperm (pine)

A

sporophyte

51
Q

what process is used to produce an egg in gymnosperm (pine)

A

meiosis followed by mitosis

52
Q

what sex is the anther

A

male

53
Q

what generation is the anther

A

sporophyte

54
Q

what generation are the pollen grains

A

gametophyte

55
Q

what is the ploidy of the anther

A

diploid

56
Q

what is the ploidy of the pollen grains

A

haploid

57
Q

what generation is the ovary

A

sporophyte

58
Q

what is the ploidy of the ovary tissue in gymnosperm (pine)

A

diploid

59
Q

what generation is the embryo of gymnosperm (pine)

A

sporophyte

60
Q

what is the ploidy of embryo sac in gymnosperm (pine)

A

haploid

61
Q

what parts of the flower are male

A

anther, filament

62
Q

what parts of the flower are female

A

stigma, style, ovaryo

63
Q

what parts of the flower contains pollen

A

antherf

Bio 2 Lab (12 decks)

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