Lab 2 Flashcards
natural selection
the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population
- mechanism for evolutionary change
what did Darwin propose
natural selection
evolution
change in populations over time
what are the other driving forces of evolution
genetic drift
migration
mutations
gene pool
all the alleles at all gene loci of all individuals
population
group of organisms of the same species that occur at the same time and area
- all have opportunity to interbreed
what is the basic unit of evolution
population
microevolution
any small scale changes that occur from generation to generation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
frequency of alleles in an ideal population will remain the same from generation to generation
- no evolution is happening
what conditions must be met to be in the equilibrium
- population is very large (no genetic drift)
- mating’s are random (no sexual selection)
- no net effects of mutations (no mutation)
- no migration of individuals in or out of population (no gene flow)
- there is no selection (natural selection not acting)
what are you looking at in Hardy Weinber
based on 1 allele/particular allele
what is the allele frequency equation
p+q=1
genotypic frequency equation
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
p
dominant allele
q
recessive allele
p^2
frequency of AA
2pq
frequency of Aa
q^2
frequency of aa
diploid
2n
sampling with replacement
replace what you took each time to keep gene pool constat
genetic drift
- change in allele frequency based on chance alone
- largest impact when population is small
- sampling error
genetic fixation
occurs when all members of the population have the sane allele for a gene
- all other alleles have been eliminated
bottleneck effect
occurs when population undergoes drastic reduction in size as result of chance events
- new frequency of alleles after reduction in size starts new population
gene flow
migration of individuals between population
- result of either immigration or emigration of individuals or gametes
what is natural selection based on
observation that individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those lacking the advantageous traits
what occurs in the next generation if natural selection happens
proportion of offspring with advantageous traits will increase in the next generation
watch classmates videos
on their outcomes
