Lab 2

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population
- mechanism for evolutionary change

Question 2

what did Darwin propose

Answer 2

natural selection

Question 3

evolution

Answer 3

change in populations over time

Question 4

what are the other driving forces of evolution

Answer 4

genetic drift
migration
mutations

Question 5

gene pool

Answer 5

all the alleles at all gene loci of all individuals

Question 6

population

Answer 6

group of organisms of the same species that occur at the same time and area
- all have opportunity to interbreed

Question 7

what is the basic unit of evolution

Answer 7

population

Question 8

microevolution

Answer 8

any small scale changes that occur from generation to generation

Question 9

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 9

frequency of alleles in an ideal population will remain the same from generation to generation
- no evolution is happening

Question 10

what conditions must be met to be in the equilibrium

Answer 10

1. population is very large (no genetic drift)
2. mating’s are random (no sexual selection)
3. no net effects of mutations (no mutation)
4. no migration of individuals in or out of population (no gene flow)
5. there is no selection (natural selection not acting)

Question 11

what are you looking at in Hardy Weinber

Answer 11

based on 1 allele/particular allele

Question 12

what is the allele frequency equation

Answer 12

p+q=1

Question 13

genotypic frequency equation

Answer 13

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 14

p

Answer 14

dominant allele

Question 15

q

Answer 15

recessive allele

Question 16

p^2

Answer 16

frequency of AA

Question 17

2pq

Answer 17

frequency of Aa

Question 18

q^2

Answer 18

frequency of aa

Question 19

diploid

Answer 19

2n

Question 20

sampling with replacement

Answer 20

replace what you took each time to keep gene pool constat

Question 21

genetic drift

Answer 21

• change in allele frequency based on chance alone
• largest impact when population is small
• sampling error

Question 22

genetic fixation

Answer 22

occurs when all members of the population have the sane allele for a gene
- all other alleles have been eliminated

Question 23

bottleneck effect

Answer 23

occurs when population undergoes drastic reduction in size as result of chance events
- new frequency of alleles after reduction in size starts new population

Question 24

gene flow

Answer 24

migration of individuals between population
- result of either immigration or emigration of individuals or gametes

Question 25

what is natural selection based on

Answer 25

observation that individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those lacking the advantageous traits

Question 26

what occurs in the next generation if natural selection happens

Answer 26

proportion of offspring with advantageous traits will increase in the next generation

Question 27

watch classmates videos

Answer 27

on their outcomes