lab 6

Question 1

what determines if plants or animals are female or male

Answer 1

sex chromosomes

Question 2

what are non-sex chromosomes called

Answer 2

autosomes

Question 3

females have ____________ chromosomes

Answer 3

two x

Question 4

males have ____________ chromsomes

Answer 4

one x and one y

Question 5

what does meiosis produce

Answer 5

haploids

Question 6

how is sex of offspring determined

Answer 6

by the type of male gamete that fertilizes the female

Question 7

gametes with either x or y chromosomes are created with _______ frequencies

Answer 7

equal

Question 8

how many pairs of autosomes and sex chromsomes do humans have

Answer 8

22 and 1

Question 9

what happens if a gamete with abnormal chromosome complement participates in fertilization

Answer 9

result with an abnormal amount of number of chromosomes and phenotypic abnormalities

Question 10

what is a karyotype

Answer 10

a photograph of chromosomes of an actively dividing cell

Question 11

in diploid individual the chromosome are arranged into ___________ ________

Answer 11

homologous pair

Question 12

what are the phenotypic abnormalities of turner syndrome

Answer 12

-short stature and non-functioning ovaries
-webbed neck and wide chest

Question 13

who does turner syndrome affect

Answer 13

females

Question 14

how is the karyotype different from normal females with turner syndrome

Answer 14

missing an x

Question 15

what is the phenotypic abnormalities of down syndrome

Answer 15

-mild to moderate mental deficiency
-almond shaped eyes
-poor muscle tone
-short limbs/neck

Question 16

how is the karyotype different from normal with down syndrome

Answer 16

an extra chromosome on chromosome 21

Question 17

what are some of the phenotypic abnormalities of klinefelter syndrome

Answer 17

-sterile with small testes
-low levels of testosterone
-learning disability

Question 18

how is karyotypic difference from normal males different in klinefelter syndrome

Answer 18

an extra x chromosome

Question 19

who does klinefelter syndrome effect

Answer 19

males

Question 20

are the dominant phenotypic characteristics always the most common

Answer 20

no

Question 21

the x chromosome carries same number of ______
as ___________

Answer 21

genes and autosome

Question 22

y chromosome has ______ chromosomes

Answer 22

fewer

Question 23

what are genes located on x chromosome said to be

Answer 23

sex-linked

Question 24

are sex linked traits related to sex

Answer 24

no they produce phenotypes like red-green colour blindness

Question 25

how is more likely to exhibit sex linked recessive trait

Answer 25

males

Question 26

heterozygous females dont exhibit sex linked traits but are _______

Answer 26

carriers

Question 27

what is red-green colour blindness

Answer 27

general term for spectrum of relatively common sex-linked recessive disorder

Question 28

what is colour blindess include

Answer 28

protan and deutan

Question 29

what is protan

Answer 29

deficiency caused by reduced # or complete absense of red photoreceptors in eye

Question 30

what does deficiency of protan result in

Answer 30

reduce visibility and darkening of reds

Question 31

what is deutan

Answer 31

deficency caused by reduced # or complete absense of green phtoreceptors

Question 32

what does deficiency of deutan result in

Answer 32

reduced visibility or greens and is in 6% of males

Question 33

what is a pedigree chart

Answer 33

analysis of how phenotypes are passed on from parents to off-spring

Question 34

what are polygenic inheritance

Answer 34

phenotypic traits that involve contribution from alleles of many genes at many locations and on separate chromosomes

Question 34

what are two characteristics of polygenic inheritance

Answer 34

continuous range of phenotypes and normal distribution

Question 35

what are polygenic traits influenced by

Answer 35

environmental factors

Question 36

what can a test cross between heteroxygous and homozygous recessive be used for

Answer 36

determining the occurance of non-mendelian inheritance like gene linkage

Question 37

the crossover frequency between two linked genes is _________ to _________ between them

Answer 37

proportional and distance

Question 38

if genes are close together what is the outcome

Answer 38

low probability of crossing over resulting in very low number of recombinants

Question 39

if genes are close together what is the outcome

Answer 39

low probability of crossing over resulting in very low number of recombinants

Question 40

if genes are further apart what is the outcome

Answer 40

increase probability of crossing over and higher probability of recombinants

Question 41

the test cross is ______

Answer 41

gene linkage

Question 42

how is the distance between two genes measured

Answer 42

mind map

Question 43

what is gene linkage

Answer 43

% of offspring that result in recombinants or the closeness of genes

Question 44

how is the percent recombination calculated

Answer 44

dividing # of recombinants by total # of offspring x 100