lab 4

Question 1

what is a diploid organism

Answer 1

have two sets of chromosomes in their cells 2n

Question 2

what is an allele

Answer 2

an alternative version of a gene (dominant or recessive)

Question 3

what is a gene

Answer 3

unit of hereditary info that contributes to inheritable traits of organism

Question 4

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

chromosomes that have the same shape, size, centromere position, and sequence of genes

Question 5

when do homologous chromosomes pair up

Answer 5

in prophase 1

Question 6

what do homologous chromosomes form in pair up

Answer 6

tetrad

Question 7

meiosis 1 (diploid to haploid)

Answer 7

first division when homologous chromosomes separate into two different cells

Question 8

what happens to chromosome number at the end of meiosis 1

Answer 8

chromosomes are halved

Question 9

what is meiosis 2

Answer 9

second division when replicated chromosomes are separated into single chromosomes

Question 10

what is ploidy

Answer 10

number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Question 11

n= number of chromosomes

Answer 11

haploid

Question 12

2n= number of chromosomes

Answer 12

diploid

Question 13

what is a eukaryote considered in only one of each type of chromosome in nucleus? haploid or diploid

Answer 13

haploid

Question 14

when is replicated chromosome formed

Answer 14

when single chromosome undergoes DNA synthesis

Question 15

are replicated chromosomes identical or not

Answer 15

identical and carry same alleles

Question 16

where are genes found

Answer 16

loci or location

Question 17

what are dominant alleles

Answer 17

capital letters

Question 18

what are recessive alleles

Answer 18

lower case letters

Question 19

what is the genotype

Answer 19

ordered list of alleles it carries for any gene

Question 20

what happens during prophase 1

Answer 20

crossing over, chromosome condense, spindle microtubules form, tetrad form

Question 21

what happens during prometaphase 1

Answer 21

nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle microtubules attach to centromere

Question 22

what happens during metaphase 1

Answer 22

tetrad line up in midregion

Question 23

what happens during anaphase 1

Answer 23

homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides

Question 24

what happens during telophase 1

Answer 24

nuclear envelope re-forms, replicated chromosomes arrive at pole and uncoil, spindle disappear, cytokinesis

Question 25

what happens during interkinesis

Answer 25

DNA doesnt replicate and very short stage

Question 26

what happens during prophase 2

Answer 26

chromosomes replicate, and spindle apparatus form

Question 27

what happens during prometaphase 2

Answer 27

nuclear envelope break down. spindle microtubules attach to centromere

Question 28

what happens during metaphase 2

Answer 28

replicated chromosomes line up on midline

Question 29

what happens during anaphase 2

Answer 29

centromeres separate and single chromosomes move to opposite sides

Question 29

what happens during anaphase 2

Answer 29

centromeres separate and single chromosomes move to opposite sides

Question 30

what happens during telophase 2

Answer 30

chromosomes uncoil, spindles disappear, nuclear envelope re-forms, nucleoli visible, cytokinesis, and 4 daughter cells

Question 31

what are diploid cells called during meiosis of plant cells

Answer 31

sporocytes

Question 32

what are reproductive organs called within sporocytes

Answer 32

sporangia

Question 33

what do sporangia form

Answer 33

haploid spores

Question 34

what is plant cells life cycle called

Answer 34

alternation of generation

Question 35

what is diploid generation called in plants

Answer 35

sporophyte

Question 36

where are haploid spores produces by meiosis within?

Answer 36

sporangia

Question 37

what does alternating of generations mean

Answer 37

distinct multicellular haploid and diploid stages

Question 38

what do spores produce as they undergo meiosis

Answer 38

multicellular haploid gametophyte

Question 39

what are within gametophyte

Answer 39

reproductive organs that produce gametes by mitosis

Question 40

what is more dominant in plants sporophyte or gametophyte

Answer 40

sporophyte; diploid most obvious stage

Question 41

what is the male gametophyte in flowering plants

Answer 41

pollen grains

Question 42

what are rhizome

Answer 42

underground stem that large leaves grow from

Question 43

what are brown sports called on ferns

Answer 43

sori

Question 44

where do sori develope

Answer 44

underside of mature leaves

Question 45

what is each sorus reproductive structure called

Answer 45

sporangia

Question 46

what are diploid cells called inside of sporangium

Answer 46

sporocytes

Question 47

do sporocytes undergo meiosis or mitosis

Answer 47

meiosis

Question 48

what are sporocyte haploid cells called

Answer 48

spores

Question 49

what happens when spores mature

Answer 49

discharge from sporangia

Question 50

what shape are fern gametophyte

Answer 50

tiny heart shapes called prothallus

Question 51

what are the fine root like structures of gametophyte called

Answer 51

rhizoids

Question 52

what are the reproductive organs called of gametophytes

Answer 52

male= antheridia female= archegonia

Question 53

gametophyte go through mitosis and produces what?

Answer 53

antheridia= sperm archegonium= egg

Question 54

what happens after fertilization between antheridium and archegonium

Answer 54

diploid zygote develops by repeated mitotic division

Question 55

what are the reproductive organs in animals

Answer 55

ovaries and testes

Question 55

what are the reproductive organs in animals

Answer 55

ovaries and testes

Question 56

in animals life cycle what does nuclear division result in

Answer 56

haploid gametes

Question 57

what is chiasma

Answer 57

the region where crossing over happens in prophase 1

Question 58

where does meiosis only occur in animals

Answer 58

in ovaries and testes

Question 59

in animal life cycle does it go under mitosis or meiosis

Answer 59

mitosis