Lab 5 Flashcards
Solution
- System
- Solvent
- Solute
- Precipitate
- System = Homogenous disperse
- Solvent = Liquid
- Solute = Solid/liquid/gas
- Precipitate = No, clear
Emulsion
- System
- Solvent
- Solute
- Precipitate
- System = Heterogeneous disperse (o/w; w/o)
- Solvent = Liquid
- Solute = Liquid
- Precipitate = Yes, liquid
Suspension
- System
- Solvent
- Solute
- Precipitate
- System = Heterogenous disperse
- Solvent = Liquid
- Solute = Solid
- Precipitate = Yes, solid
w/o system
Parenteral
Drug administered via routes other than orally
List the types of drug used for: Injection
- Solution
- Emulsion
- Suspension
- Microemulsion
- Microsuspension
List the types of drug used for: Infusion
- Solution
- Microemulsion
Give the requirements of injection and infusion
- Sterile
- Pyogen-free
- Isotonic
- Isohydric (btw. pH 5 - 7)
- Homogenous, particle free
Administration types of liquids
- IV
- IM
- SC
- IP
- IO
- ID
- IA
- IC
Liquid forms for oral/rectal use
- Solution
- Emulsion
- Suspension
- Syrup
- Elixir, mixture
- Extract
- Drop for oral use
Liquid forms for skin + mucous membrane use
- Solution
- Emulsion
- Suspension
- Spot on/pour on
- Shampoo
- Teat dip solution
- Extract
- Intrauterine solution, suspension
Liquid forms for ophthalmology
Eye drop
- Solution, suspension
- Sterile
- Active agent
- Vehicle
- Preservative
- Expiration date
Liquid forms for otology (ear)
- Ear cleaner
- Ear drop
- Solution, suspension
- Active agent
- Vehicle
Liquid forms for nasal cavity
- Nasal drop
- Nasal spray
Give the area of application of semi-solid drug forms
- Skin, mucous membrane
- Oral
- Eye
- Mammary gland
- Rectum, vagina
Give the dose forms of semi-solid drugs
- Ointment
- Cream
- Gel
- Paste
- Eye ointment
- Intramammary infusion
- Suppository
- Vaginal suppository
- Electuaries
Semi-solid medium: Properties
- Active agent - Various
- Homogenous appearance
- Body temperature does not melt it
- Local or systemic effect
Semi-solid ointment: Active compounds
- Antibiotics
- Antimycotic
- Antiviral agent
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Antihistamine
- Coating
- Antiseptic agents
Semi-solid ingredients: Lipophilic
- Fats & oils: Cocoa butter, oils, hard fat
- Hydrocarbons: Vaseline & paraffin
- Waxes & wax alcohols: Wool wax, honey bee wax, cetostearyl alcohol
Semisolid ingredients: Hydrophilic
- Natural polymers: Cellulose, gelatine, starch
- Synthetic polymers: Macrogols & polysorbates
Ointment forms
- w/o
- Hydrous ointment
- Emollient ointment
- o/w
- Nonionic hydrophilic ointment
- Anionic hydrophilic ointment
Examples of: Ointments with covering, delayed effect, non-washable with water
- White vaseline
- Yellow vaseline
- Oily ointment
- Simple ointment
- Emollient ointment
- Hydrous ointment
Examples of: ointments and ointment bases with shorter effect, washable with water
- Stearin ointment
- Nonionic hydrophilic ointment
- Anionic hydrophilic ointment
- Macrogol ointment
- Carbomer hydrogel
- Methylcellulose hydrogel
Cream
- Emulsion system
- Hydrophilic o/w
- Emulsifiers
- Na-soap
- Polysorbate
- Emulsifiers
- Lipophilic w/o
- Emulsifiers
- Wool wax alcohol
- Emulsifiers
Gel
Gellifying agent
- Starch
- Cellulose
Semi-solid - Eye ointment: Composition
- Active agent
- Vehicle
- Ophthalmic white vaseline
- Simple eye ointment
- Hydrous eye ointment
Sterile, ointment has a longer duration of action than eye drop
Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Properties
- Sterile
- Soft suspension, emulsion
- Prevention, treatment
- Lactating(LC, MC) - Dry (DC)
Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Composition
- Active agents:
- AB, GC, enzymes, antioxidants
- Bismuth salts
- Vehicle:
- Liquid paraffin
- White vaseline
- Medium-chain triglycerides
Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Application
- Udder wash
- Disinfection
- Milk out
- Infusion through teat channel
- Lactating → Milk out again after 12hr, then repeat
- Dry → Last milk out (WP)
Semi-solid - Suppository: Properties
- Body temperature: Softening/melting
- Local & systemic effect
- Active agent:
- Anticonvulsive, antipyretic, painkiller
- Faecal softener, antiseptic
- Base/vehicle
- Solid fat
- Cocoa butter
Semi-solid - electuaries: Properties
- Active agent: Weak! (imprecise)
- Active agent: Solid (powder)
- Vehicle: Syrup, molasses, jam
Gaseous - Inhalational: Base
- Gas
- Liquid
- Isoflurane, sevoflurane
- GC - Fluticasone, beclomethazone
- β2 agonist - Terbutaline, formoterol, slameterol
- Solid - Human
Gaseous - Inhalational: Container
- Compressed gas
- Propellant
- Mechanical
Gaseous - Impregnated, smoking strips
Honey bees
External parasite
- Volatile oil: Thymol, camphor, menthol, eucalyptus
- Formic acid, oxalic acid
- Amitraz
- Flumethrin
- Coumaphos
