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Pharmacology Labs > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Solution

  • System
  • Solvent
  • Solute
  • Precipitate
A
  • System = Homogenous disperse
  • Solvent = Liquid
  • Solute = Solid/liquid/gas
  • Precipitate = No, clear
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2
Q

Emulsion

  • System
  • Solvent
  • Solute
  • Precipitate
A
  • System = Heterogeneous disperse (o/w; w/o)
  • Solvent = Liquid
  • Solute = Liquid
  • Precipitate = Yes, liquid
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3
Q

Suspension

  • System
  • Solvent
  • Solute
  • Precipitate
A
  • System = Heterogenous disperse
  • Solvent = Liquid
  • Solute = Solid
  • Precipitate = Yes, solid
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4
Q

w/o system

A
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5
Q

Parenteral

A

Drug administered via routes other than orally

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6
Q

List the types of drug used for: Injection

A
  • Solution
  • Emulsion
  • Suspension
  • Microemulsion
  • Microsuspension
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7
Q

List the types of drug used for: Infusion

A
  • Solution
  • Microemulsion
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8
Q

Give the requirements of injection and infusion

A
  • Sterile
  • Pyogen-free
  • Isotonic
  • Isohydric (btw. pH 5 - 7)
  • Homogenous, particle free
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9
Q

Administration types of liquids

A
  • IV
  • IM
  • SC
  • IP
  • IO
  • ID
  • IA
  • IC
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10
Q

Liquid forms for oral/rectal use

A
  • Solution
  • Emulsion
  • Suspension
  • Syrup
  • Elixir, mixture
  • Extract
  • Drop for oral use
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11
Q

Liquid forms for skin + mucous membrane use

A
  • Solution
  • Emulsion
  • Suspension
  • Spot on/pour on
  • Shampoo
  • Teat dip solution
  • Extract
  • Intrauterine solution, suspension
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12
Q

Liquid forms for ophthalmology

A

Eye drop

  • Solution, suspension
  • Sterile
  • Active agent
  • Vehicle
  • Preservative
  • Expiration date
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13
Q

Liquid forms for otology (ear)

A
  • Ear cleaner
  • Ear drop
    • Solution, suspension
    • Active agent
    • Vehicle
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14
Q

Liquid forms for nasal cavity

A
  • Nasal drop
  • Nasal spray
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15
Q

Give the area of application of semi-solid drug forms

A
  • Skin, mucous membrane
  • Oral
  • Eye
  • Mammary gland
  • Rectum, vagina
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16
Q

Give the dose forms of semi-solid drugs

A
  • Ointment
  • Cream
  • Gel
  • Paste
  • Eye ointment
  • Intramammary infusion
  • Suppository
  • Vaginal suppository
  • Electuaries
17
Q

Semi-solid medium: Properties

A
  • Active agent - Various
  • Homogenous appearance
  • Body temperature does not melt it
  • Local or systemic effect
18
Q

Semi-solid ointment: Active compounds

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Antimycotic
  • Antiviral agent
  • NSAIDs
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Antihistamine
  • Coating
  • Antiseptic agents
19
Q

Semi-solid ingredients: Lipophilic

A
  • Fats & oils: Cocoa butter, oils, hard fat
  • Hydrocarbons: Vaseline & paraffin
  • Waxes & wax alcohols: Wool wax, honey bee wax, cetostearyl alcohol
20
Q

Semisolid ingredients: Hydrophilic

A
  • Natural polymers: Cellulose, gelatine, starch
  • Synthetic polymers: Macrogols & polysorbates
21
Q

Ointment forms

A
  • w/o
    • Hydrous ointment
    • Emollient ointment
  • o/w
    • Nonionic hydrophilic ointment
    • Anionic hydrophilic ointment
22
Q

Examples of: Ointments with covering, delayed effect, non-washable with water

A
  • White vaseline
  • Yellow vaseline
  • Oily ointment
  • Simple ointment
  • Emollient ointment
  • Hydrous ointment
23
Q

Examples of: ointments and ointment bases with shorter effect, washable with water

A
  • Stearin ointment
  • Nonionic hydrophilic ointment
  • Anionic hydrophilic ointment
  • Macrogol ointment
  • Carbomer hydrogel
  • Methylcellulose hydrogel
24
Q

Cream

A
  • Emulsion system
  • Hydrophilic o/w
    • Emulsifiers
      • Na-soap
      • Polysorbate
  • Lipophilic w/o
    • Emulsifiers
      • Wool wax alcohol
25
Q

Gel

A

Gellifying agent

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
26
Q

Semi-solid - Eye ointment: Composition

A
  • Active agent
  • Vehicle
    • Ophthalmic white vaseline
    • Simple eye ointment
    • Hydrous eye ointment

Sterile, ointment has a longer duration of action than eye drop

27
Q

Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Properties

A
  • Sterile
  • Soft suspension, emulsion
  • Prevention, treatment
  • Lactating(LC, MC) - Dry (DC)
28
Q

Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Composition

A
  • Active agents:
    • AB, GC, enzymes, antioxidants
    • Bismuth salts
  • Vehicle:
    • Liquid paraffin
    • White vaseline
    • Medium-chain triglycerides
29
Q

Semi-solid - intramammary infusion: Application

A
  • Udder wash
  • Disinfection
  • Milk out
  • Infusion through teat channel
  1. Lactating → Milk out again after 12hr, then repeat
  2. Dry → Last milk out (WP)
30
Q

Semi-solid - Suppository: Properties

A
  • Body temperature: Softening/melting
  • Local & systemic effect
  • Active agent:
    • Anticonvulsive, antipyretic, painkiller
    • Faecal softener, antiseptic
  • Base/vehicle
    • Solid fat
    • Cocoa butter
31
Q

Semi-solid - electuaries: Properties

A
  • Active agent: Weak! (imprecise)
  • Active agent: Solid (powder)
  • Vehicle: Syrup, molasses, jam
32
Q

Gaseous - Inhalational: Base

A
  • Gas
  • Liquid
    • Isoflurane, sevoflurane
    • GC - Fluticasone, beclomethazone
    • β2 agonist - Terbutaline, formoterol, slameterol
  • Solid - Human
33
Q

Gaseous - Inhalational: Container

A
  • Compressed gas
  • Propellant
  • Mechanical
34
Q

Gaseous - Impregnated, smoking strips

A

Honey bees

External parasite

  • Volatile oil: Thymol, camphor, menthol, eucalyptus
  • Formic acid, oxalic acid
  • Amitraz
  • Flumethrin
  • Coumaphos

Pharmacology Labs (7 decks)

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