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Pharmacology Labs > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give the types of drug therapy

A
  1. Individual therapy
  2. Mass medication
  3. Causative treatment
  4. Symptomatic (palliative treatment)
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2
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Treatment taken to prevent a disease

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3
Q

Metaphylaxis

A

Mass medication of animals in anticipation of an outbreak

  • Uses therapy and prophylaxis together
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4
Q

Ex juvantibus

A

Making interference about a disease causation from the observed response of a disease to a drug/treatment

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5
Q

Give the 6 categories of drug usage

A
  1. Therapy
  2. Prophylaxis (Prevention)
  3. Metaphylaxis
  4. Growth promotion
  5. Diagnosis ex juvantibus
  6. Euthanasia
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6
Q

Examples of drugs used for growth promotion

A
  • Probiotics
  • Prebiotics
  • Synbiotics
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7
Q

Sources of drugs can be either…

A
  1. Non-immunological
  2. Immunological (vaccines, serums)
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8
Q

To be authorised, medicines are required to have…

A
  1. Unique name, dose form, package
  2. Target animal species + indication
  3. Efficacy and safety in target animals
  4. Withdrawal period (WP)
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9
Q

Give the drugs cascade

A
  1. Drug use for other indication
  2. Drug use for other species
  3. Drug use authorised for humans
  4. Official or prepared medicine
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10
Q

Withdrawal period for:

  • Eggs
  • Milk
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Equine products
A
  • Eggs = 7 days
  • Milk = 7 days
  • Meat = 28 days
  • Fish = 500 degree days
  • Equine products = 6 months
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11
Q

Give the classifications of veterinary medical products

A
  1. AVM-GSL
  2. NFA-VPS
  3. POM-V
  4. POM-VPS
  5. ESPA
  6. Homeopathic remedies
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12
Q

AVM-GSL is an abbreviation for…

A

Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List

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13
Q

AVM-GSL

A
  • Can be sold without restriction
  • Ø Prescription
  • Can be advertised to the general public
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14
Q

NFA-VPS is an abbreviation for…

A

Non-food animal - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP*

*Suitably qualified person

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15
Q

NFA-VPS

A
  • Can be sold in pharmacies (over the counter)
  • Ø Prescription
  • Can be advertised to the general public
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16
Q

POM-V is an abbreviation for…

A

Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian

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17
Q

POM-V

A
  • Can only be sold in pharmacies
  • Can be sold by the veterinarian
  • Controlled drugs
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18
Q

POM-VPS is an abbreviation for…

A

Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP

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19
Q

POM-VPS

A
  • Mainly for food-producing animals, sometimes not
  • Animals don’t need to be under the prescriber
  • Can be advertised to the general public
20
Q

ESPA is an abbreviation for…

A

Exemption for small pet animals

21
Q

ESPA products

A
  • For minor species of small animals
  • Can be sold without restriction
22
Q

Give the considerations when dispensing drugs

A
  1. Toxicity, therapeutic index
  2. Global impact (antibiotics)
  3. Hazard of abuse or addiction
23
Q

Give the temperature requirements of drugs:

  • Room temperature
  • Refrigerated temperature
  • Deep frozen
  • Should not be frozen
A
  • Room temperature = Max. 25-30 °C
  • Refrigerated temperature = 2-8 °C
  • Deep frozen = < -15 °C
  • Should not be frozen = >2 °C
24
Q

Give the importance of stability of drugs

A
  • Benefits may decrease
  • Toxicity of drugs may be increased
25
Q

Increased of toxicity of Tetracyclines

A

Tetracyclines → Anhydrotetracyclines

26
Q

Increase of toxicity of Diazinon

A

Diazinon → Diazoxon

27
Q

Increased of toxicity of Rifampicin

A

Rifampicin → Potential allergic reactions

28
Q

In terms of drug expiration, what % of the active ingredient is guaranteed?

A

95%

29
Q

Typical expiry time for authorised medicines

A

2-5 years

30
Q

Typical expiry time for prepared medicines

A

Days-months

31
Q

Typical expiry time for authorised medicines after opening

(multiple-dose injections/drops ointments)

A

28 days

32
Q

Which drug types are no longer acceptable for growth promotion?

A
  • GH
  • β2-agonists (Reduce fat)
  • Antibiotics
33
Q

Give the importance of article 37/2010 EC

A

When used with food-producing animals

  • Table 1 - Drugs which are authorised
  • Table 2 - Drugs which are prohibited
34
Q

Give the importance of article 122/2013 EC

A

List of substances essential for the treatment of Equidae (6 months)

35
Q

‘MRL’

A

Maximum authorised residue limit

36
Q

“Off label”

A

Not following the instructions on the label correctly

<em>Requires notification to the animal’s owner</em>

37
Q

POM-V drugs cannot be…

A

Advertised to the public

38
Q

ESPA drugs are normally used for…

A

Minor species

  • Rabbits
  • Turtles etc.
39
Q

How long does it take for propofol to expire?

A

Within hours of use

40
Q

Prepared medicine

A
  • Prepared in a pharmacy - Pure substance prepared from official substances
  • No fancy name; No special packaging; No dosage form
41
Q

Official medicine

A

Pure substances

42
Q

“List the real drugs”

A
  1. Veterinary licensed medicine
  2. Human licensed medicine
  3. Official and prepared medicine
  4. Immunologicals
43
Q

If a fish lives in 15 degree water how long is the withdrawal period for a non-­listed drug?

A

500 Degree Days

So 500/15 = 33.3 days

44
Q

Describe and give one example for a preventive drug

A

Prophylaxis

example: flea or tick treatment, wound cleaning etc.

45
Q

Give examples of POM-V

A

Controlled drugs (Schedule 2, 3, 4 and 5)

  • Morphine
  • Pentobarbitone
  • Diazepam
46
Q

Medicine for salmon has 400DD. Used for trout, what is the WP?

A

500 DD is used because this would be off-label.

Pharmacology Labs (7 decks)

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