Lab 1 Flashcards
Give the types of drug therapy
- Individual therapy
- Mass medication
- Causative treatment
- Symptomatic (palliative treatment)
Prophylaxis
Treatment taken to prevent a disease
Metaphylaxis
Mass medication of animals in anticipation of an outbreak
- Uses therapy and prophylaxis together
Ex juvantibus
Making interference about a disease causation from the observed response of a disease to a drug/treatment
Give the 6 categories of drug usage
- Therapy
- Prophylaxis (Prevention)
- Metaphylaxis
- Growth promotion
- Diagnosis ex juvantibus
- Euthanasia
Examples of drugs used for growth promotion
- Probiotics
- Prebiotics
- Synbiotics
Sources of drugs can be either…
- Non-immunological
- Immunological (vaccines, serums)
To be authorised, medicines are required to have…
- Unique name, dose form, package
- Target animal species + indication
- Efficacy and safety in target animals
- Withdrawal period (WP)
Give the drugs cascade
- Drug use for other indication
- Drug use for other species
- Drug use authorised for humans
- Official or prepared medicine
Withdrawal period for:
- Eggs
- Milk
- Meat
- Fish
- Equine products
- Eggs = 7 days
- Milk = 7 days
- Meat = 28 days
- Fish = 500 degree days
- Equine products = 6 months
Give the classifications of veterinary medical products
- AVM-GSL
- NFA-VPS
- POM-V
- POM-VPS
- ESPA
- Homeopathic remedies
AVM-GSL is an abbreviation for…
Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List
AVM-GSL
- Can be sold without restriction
- Ø Prescription
- Can be advertised to the general public
NFA-VPS is an abbreviation for…
Non-food animal - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP*
*Suitably qualified person
NFA-VPS
- Can be sold in pharmacies (over the counter)
- Ø Prescription
- Can be advertised to the general public
POM-V is an abbreviation for…
Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian
POM-V
- Can only be sold in pharmacies
- Can be sold by the veterinarian
- Controlled drugs
POM-VPS is an abbreviation for…
Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP
POM-VPS
- Mainly for food-producing animals, sometimes not
- Animals don’t need to be under the prescriber
- Can be advertised to the general public
ESPA is an abbreviation for…
Exemption for small pet animals
ESPA products
- For minor species of small animals
- Can be sold without restriction
Give the considerations when dispensing drugs
- Toxicity, therapeutic index
- Global impact (antibiotics)
- Hazard of abuse or addiction
Give the temperature requirements of drugs:
- Room temperature
- Refrigerated temperature
- Deep frozen
- Should not be frozen
- Room temperature = Max. 25-30 °C
- Refrigerated temperature = 2-8 °C
- Deep frozen = < -15 °C
- Should not be frozen = >2 °C
Give the importance of stability of drugs
- Benefits may decrease
- Toxicity of drugs may be increased
Increased of toxicity of Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines → Anhydrotetracyclines
Increase of toxicity of Diazinon
Diazinon → Diazoxon
Increased of toxicity of Rifampicin
Rifampicin → Potential allergic reactions
In terms of drug expiration, what % of the active ingredient is guaranteed?
95%
Typical expiry time for authorised medicines
2-5 years
Typical expiry time for prepared medicines
Days-months
Typical expiry time for authorised medicines after opening
(multiple-dose injections/drops ointments)
28 days
Which drug types are no longer acceptable for growth promotion?
- GH
- β2-agonists (Reduce fat)
- Antibiotics
Give the importance of article 37/2010 EC
When used with food-producing animals
- Table 1 - Drugs which are authorised
- Table 2 - Drugs which are prohibited
Give the importance of article 122/2013 EC
List of substances essential for the treatment of Equidae (6 months)
‘MRL’
Maximum authorised residue limit
“Off label”
Not following the instructions on the label correctly
<em>Requires notification to the animal’s owner</em>
POM-V drugs cannot be…
Advertised to the public
ESPA drugs are normally used for…
Minor species
- Rabbits
- Turtles etc.
How long does it take for propofol to expire?
Within hours of use
Prepared medicine
- Prepared in a pharmacy - Pure substance prepared from official substances
- No fancy name; No special packaging; No dosage form
Official medicine
Pure substances
“List the real drugs”
- Veterinary licensed medicine
- Human licensed medicine
- Official and prepared medicine
- Immunologicals
If a fish lives in 15 degree water how long is the withdrawal period for a non-listed drug?
500 Degree Days
So 500/15 = 33.3 days
Describe and give one example for a preventive drug
Prophylaxis
example: flea or tick treatment, wound cleaning etc.
Give examples of POM-V
Controlled drugs (Schedule 2, 3, 4 and 5)
- Morphine
- Pentobarbitone
- Diazepam
Medicine for salmon has 400DD. Used for trout, what is the WP?
500 DD is used because this would be off-label.
