Lab 4 Flashcards
Powder for external use
- Usage reduced
- Active substances: Antibiotics, antiseptics, antimycotics, ectoparasiticides
- Binders: Talcum, zinc oxide etc.
Powder for internal use
Administration: per os
Categories:
- Water-soluble powder (for use in drinking water)
- Powder for in-feed use
- Powder for oral solution and suspension
- For direct administration (e.g capsule)
Composition of powder for internal use
- Active substance
- Binder
- Lactose
- Sorbit
- Glucose
- Bran flour, cereal flour
Univided drug
All in one package - Owner may divide further
Divided drug
Drug divided into several units
(Pharmacise can separate)
Talc can overstimulate…
Wound healing
Dividation
- Less precise
- Quicker
Dispensation
- More precise
- Slower
Granules: usage
- Farm animals: Mixed in feed/drinking water
- Small animals, human: For solution/mixed in feed
Granules: Composition
- Active substance
- Binder
- Saccharose
- Lactose
- Adhesive
- Water
- Ethanol
- Coating (if needed)
Two types of granule within one capsule
Medicated premix
Used for preparing medicated feeding stuff
- Always authorised veterinary product
- Farmer is mixer + owner/feeder
What are the authorised vet drug (via feed) classifications
- Type A medicated article (pure drug)
- Type B medicated feed (feed containing drug)
- Type C medicated feed (Weakest form)
Examples of feed supplements
- Microelements
- Vitamins
- Prebiotics
Premix: Usage
- Per os: Small & large scale productions as well
- Powder, granulated (microencapsulated), liquid
- Homogenous mixing (large scale production: feed mills)
Premix: Composition
- Active substance:
- Medicated premix: Drugs
- Feed supplements: microelements, vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics
- Binder:
- Similar to feed (with nutritional value)
Capsule: Usage
- Per os, without chewing
- Only for individual treatment
Small animal medicine
Soft capsule
- Earlier: Gelatine, sugar, glycerol, water
- Nowadays: Synthetic polymers, thicker wall
- 10-15min digestion time
Hard capsule
- Capsule Ø glycerol
- Dissolves in gastric fluid (15 mins)
- E.g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Gastro-resistant capsule (soft or hard)
- Film-coated tablets
- E.g methacrylate coating
- Capsula intestinosolvens
Survives low pH in the stomach, digested at higher pH later on
Tablet, dragee
Most precise divided form
- Per os
- Intrauterine, intravaginal
- For preparing solutions
Tablet: Composition
- Active substance
- Binder
- Adhesive
- Lubricant
- Colouring/flavouring agents
Tablet coating
“Coated tablet”
- Dragees, film-coated tablets (can be intestinosolvent)
- TiO2 (Titanium oxide) layer → Protects tablet from daylight
NSAIDS should not be used in…
Dog and Cat
- Causes gastric ulcer
Slow-release tablets are preferred for…
Animals such as cats (aggressive) to reduce the number of times administration is needed
Modified release tablet types
- Insoluble matrix
- Soluble matrix
- Intraruminal bolus
Insoluble matrix
Soluble matrix
- Tablet containing pores
- Internal OROS system
- Osmotically active
Intraruminal bolus
- Large tablets
- Sustained-release/Pulse release
- Kexxtone (keep away from dogs)
Herbal tea
- Per os/Topical (for washing wound)
- Infusion (essential oils)
- Decoction (substances that are difficult to extract)
- Maceration
Herbal tea: Composition
Active substance with mild effect + herbal parts
Transdermal patch/implant
Continuous, prolonged release
Transdermal patch
Drugs with excellent dermal absorption
- Systemic effect (e.g analgesics)
Subdermal implant
- Frequently used
- Oestrus synchronisation
- Deslorelin
Antiparasitic collars and ear tags
- Dogs, cats = Collar
- Ruminants = Impregnated ear tags
Prescription not normally needed
Vaginal delivery system
- Oestrus synchronisation (progestagens)
- Horses can’t tolerate it
- Might fall out
