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Pharmacology Labs > Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Powder for external use

A
  • Usage reduced
  • Active substances: Antibiotics, antiseptics, antimycotics, ectoparasiticides
  • Binders: Talcum, zinc oxide etc.
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2
Q

Powder for internal use

A

Administration: per os

Categories:

  • Water-soluble powder (for use in drinking water)
  • Powder for in-feed use
  • Powder for oral solution and suspension
  • For direct administration (e.g capsule)
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3
Q

Composition of powder for internal use

A
  • Active substance
  • Binder
    • Lactose
    • Sorbit
    • Glucose
    • Bran flour, cereal flour
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4
Q

Univided drug

A

All in one package - Owner may divide further

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5
Q

Divided drug

A

Drug divided into several units

(Pharmacise can separate)

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6
Q

Talc can overstimulate…

A

Wound healing

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7
Q

Dividation

A
  • Less precise
  • Quicker
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8
Q

Dispensation

A
  • More precise
  • Slower
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9
Q

Granules: usage

A
  • Farm animals: Mixed in feed/drinking water
  • Small animals, human: For solution/mixed in feed
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10
Q

Granules: Composition

A
  • Active substance
  • Binder
    • Saccharose
    • Lactose
  • Adhesive
    • Water
    • Ethanol
  • Coating (if needed)
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11
Q

Two types of granule within one capsule

A
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12
Q

Medicated premix

A

Used for preparing medicated feeding stuff

  • Always authorised veterinary product
  • Farmer is mixer + owner/feeder
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13
Q

What are the authorised vet drug (via feed) classifications

A
  • Type A medicated article (pure drug)
  • Type B medicated feed (feed containing drug)
  • Type C medicated feed (Weakest form)
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14
Q

Examples of feed supplements

A
  • Microelements
  • Vitamins
  • Prebiotics
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15
Q

Premix: Usage

A
  • Per os: Small & large scale productions as well
  • Powder, granulated (microencapsulated), liquid
  • Homogenous mixing (large scale production: feed mills)
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16
Q

Premix: Composition

A
  • Active substance:
    • Medicated premix: Drugs
    • Feed supplements: microelements, vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics
  • Binder:
    • Similar to feed (with nutritional value)
17
Q

Capsule: Usage

A
  • Per os, without chewing
  • Only for individual treatment

Small animal medicine

18
Q

Soft capsule

A
  • Earlier: Gelatine, sugar, glycerol, water
  • Nowadays: Synthetic polymers, thicker wall
  • 10-15min digestion time
19
Q

Hard capsule

A
  • Capsule Ø glycerol
  • Dissolves in gastric fluid (15 mins)
  • E.g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
20
Q

Gastro-resistant capsule (soft or hard)

A
  • Film-coated tablets
  • E.g methacrylate coating
  • Capsula intestinosolvens

Survives low pH in the stomach, digested at higher pH later on

21
Q

Tablet, dragee

A

Most precise divided form

  • Per os
  • Intrauterine, intravaginal
  • For preparing solutions
22
Q

Tablet: Composition

A
  • Active substance
  • Binder
  • Adhesive
  • Lubricant
  • Colouring/flavouring agents
23
Q

Tablet coating

A

“Coated tablet”

  • Dragees, film-coated tablets (can be intestinosolvent)
  • TiO2 (Titanium oxide) layer → Protects tablet from daylight
24
Q

NSAIDS should not be used in…

A

Dog and Cat

  • Causes gastric ulcer
25
Q

Slow-release tablets are preferred for…

A

Animals such as cats (aggressive) to reduce the number of times administration is needed

26
Q

Modified release tablet types

A
  • Insoluble matrix
  • Soluble matrix
  • Intraruminal bolus
27
Q

Insoluble matrix

A
28
Q

Soluble matrix

A
  • Tablet containing pores
  • Internal OROS system
    • Osmotically active
29
Q

Intraruminal bolus

A
  • Large tablets
  • Sustained-release/Pulse release
  • Kexxtone (keep away from dogs)
30
Q

Herbal tea

A
  • Per os/Topical (for washing wound)
  • Infusion (essential oils)
  • Decoction (substances that are difficult to extract)
  • Maceration
31
Q

Herbal tea: Composition

A

Active substance with mild effect + herbal parts

32
Q

Transdermal patch/implant

A

Continuous, prolonged release

33
Q

Transdermal patch

A

Drugs with excellent dermal absorption

  • Systemic effect (e.g analgesics)
34
Q

Subdermal implant

A
  • Frequently used
  • Oestrus synchronisation
  • Deslorelin
35
Q

Antiparasitic collars and ear tags

A
  • Dogs, cats = Collar
  • Ruminants = Impregnated ear tags

Prescription not normally needed

36
Q

Vaginal delivery system

A
  • Oestrus synchronisation (progestagens)
  • Horses can’t tolerate it
  • Might fall out

Pharmacology Labs (7 decks)

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