Lab 4: Chronic Cell Injury, Adaptations Flashcards
This rabbit was cachectic and had a distended abdomen and some diarrhea. At necropsy the liver had multiple white spots.
- What is happening here?
- What is happening here and at 4?
- ?
5.?
- Cystic bile ducts.
- Bile duct epithelial hyperplasia
- Normal bile duct
- Coccidia intracellular parasites (Eimeria stiedae)
This rabbit was cachectic and had a distended abdomen and some diarrhea. At necropsy the liver had multiple white spots. There is an agent present, Eimeria stiedae, an intracellular protozoan parasite.
- How the intracellular protozoan parasite be related to the lesion?
- Do the lesions seen on the slide correlate with the lesions observed during necropsy?
- The irritation and inflammation that occurs in response to the parasite leads to proliferation of the epithelium, perhaps through elaboration of growth factors.
- Lysis of cells due to intracellular growth of the intracellular coccidium is further stimulus for a reparative effort.
- Remember, one cause of hyperplasia is chronic irritation.
- Yes, the multiple white spots correlated to the enlarged bile ducts
- What tissue is the first picture?
- What is the space pointing to at 1?
- what type of cells are these
- Normal prostate
1. Normal prostatic alveoli
2. Cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells
The second 2 pictures are from a dog with a history of constipation
- What is seen at 3?
- ?
3- Prostatic hyperplasia
- Each alveolus is larger than in the normal because there are more cells in the lumens of these alveoli.
- The cells are virtually the same as normal, but there are more of them
- There are papillary projections of excess cells into the centers which here appear as disconnected rafts of cells
4- Some cells are taller: hypertrophy in addition to hyperplasia
what is this an image of?
Prostatic hyperplasia
This dog had an abdominal testicle containing a Sertoli cell tumor. (this is not an image of the testicle)
- What tissue is this from?
prostate
This dog had an abdominal testicle containing a Sertoli cell tumor. (this is not an image of the testicle)
- What is seen at 1 (the space)?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- Prostatic alveoli that should have columnar secretory cells
- Alveolar lining is stratified squamous
- keratin squames
- mineralized squames (hardened karatin)
This dog had an abdominal testicle containing a Sertoli cell tumor. (this is not an image of the testicle)
- What is the change (diagnosis)?
- What is the likely cause?
- Prostatic squamous metaplasia
- estrogen toxicity
- It turns out that neoplastic Sertoli cells (found in the tumor in the cryptorchid testis) often produce estrogen.
- This is an example of a paraneoplastic syndrome (see neoplasia chapter).
- Besides the prostatic lesion, these animals often have gynecomastia and become attractive to other male dogs.
- BOOBS
How may the prostatic squamous metaplasia be treated?
- Removal of the Sertoli cell tumor is the best bet since estrogen levels would fall to normal and the metaplasia would reverse.
- Theoretically you could treat with testosterone but you would still have the tumor to deal with.
The tissue was from a dog with vaginal discharge, polyuria and polydipsia, and fever.
- What tissue is this?
Canine, uterus
Canine, uterus. The tissue was from a dog with vaginal discharge, polyuria and polydipsia, and fever
- What is seen here?
- ?
- ?
- ?
- Hyperplastic endometrium
- Mucus on surface
- Endometrial cysts
- Neutrophils
Canine, uterus. The tissue was from a dog with vaginal discharge, polyuria and polydipsia, and fever
- What is seen at 5?
- 6?
- 7?
- 8?
5- Hemorrhage and
6- Neutrophils in lumen
7- Endometrial cyst with neutrophils (purulent endometritis
8- Myometrium
Histomorphologic Diagnoses?
This section of enlarged uterus is characterized by: 1) cyst formation and hyperplasia of endometrial glands, 2) accumulation of mucopurulent exudate in lumens of cystic glands, and 3) accumulation of plasma cells in stromal tissues around endometrial cysts.
- Severe diffuse cystic endometrial hyperplasia.
- Acute diffuse mucopurulent endometritis
- Chronic diffuse plasmacytic and eosinophilic periglandular endometritis.
What is the relationship, if any, between the hyperplastic and the inflammatory change?
- The hyperplasia is likely due to repeated estrous cycles without breeding resulting in prolonged metestrus and progesterone stimulation, which causes gland hyperplasia.
- While inflammation can cause hyperplasia, as you saw in the rabbit above, in this case the inflammation is usually superimposed on the cystic hyperplasia due to ascending bacterial infection.
- Bacteria find a cozy niche in the hyperplastic uterus for growth, which causes the inflammation.
- In addition, a progesterone stimulated uterus is more prone to infection compared to one under estrogen influence.
Canine, uterus. The tissue was from a dog with vaginal discharge, polyuria and polydipsia, and fever.
- ?
- ?
- ?
- Hyperplastic endometrium
- Endometrial cysts
- Neutrophils