Lab 4

Question 1

what does VO2 max measure

Answer 1

max capacity to transport and utilize O2 during dynamic exercise – involve large muscle mass

Question 2

how is VO2 max measured

Answer 2

using indirect calorimetry during MAX GRADED EXERCISE TEST

Question 3

Energy expenditure is a function of what

Answer 3

work rate

Question 4

what increases linearly with work rate until the VO2 max is reached

Answer 4

oxygen consumption

Question 5

at the VO2 max an increase in work rate does what?

Answer 5

doesnt increase oxygen consumption (VO2 plateau)

Question 6

At VO2max what does it represent

Answer 6

the physiological limit of body to deliever and extract O2

Question 7

on a graph what does it look like when an individual has hit VO2max

Answer 7

point where there is a “plateau” in O2 consumption with increase in work rate

Question 8

What two physiological factors is VO2 max dependent on

Answer 8

1. max ability of cardiovascular system to deliver oxygenated blood to working tissues
2. max ability of working muscle to extract O2 and produce ATP aerobically

Question 9

What is the Fick Equation

Answer 9

describes VO2 as product of cardiac output (Q= HR x SV) and oxygen estraction [(a-v)O2 difference)
VO2max= Qmax*[(a-v)O2difference]max

• cardiac output * oxygen extraction

Question 10

VO2 max is the product of what two things – how do these effect VO2 max then

Answer 10

cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference

change in one or both variables will effect VO2max

Question 11

Increased cardiac output (endurance training) is due to what

Answer 11

increase in maximal stroke volume

-athletes decrease SNS activity (less fight or flight because body accustomed) - more stroke volume

Question 12

what three things cause an increase in stroke volume

Answer 12

increases in end-diastolic volume (preload) and cardiac contractility, and decrease in afterload on ventricles

Question 13

Max HR does or doesnt increase with endurance training

Answer 13

does not increase

Question 14

Increased arteriovenous O2 difference is due to what

Answer 14

1. increase in capillary density and mitochondrial density
2. biochemical and metabolic adaptations

Question 15

VO2 max test requires what

Answer 15

using large muscle groups – specifically an athlete performing their specific event

Question 16

what is the specificity principle for VO2max testing

Answer 16

VO2 max test should involve specific movements used by athlete in their event

Question 17

treadmill tests usually have what type of effect on VO2 max vaues

Answer 17

greater vo2max values (~5-10%) b/c involvment of more muscle mass (upper body)

Question 18

what is traditionally the most important criteria in determining one’s VO2max

Answer 18

plateau in oxygen consumption after increase in work rate

Question 19

What are the 5 possible criteria that must be met (must have at least 2)

Answer 19

1. plateau in rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) after increase in workload
2. RER > or equal to 1.15
3. Hr > or equal to (age-predicted maximal HR-10BPM) using equation HRmax = 208-(0.7*age)
4. rate of perceived exertion (RPE) > or equal to 17
5. blood lactate > or equal to 8mM

Question 20

What does RPE mean

Answer 20

rate of perceived exertion - indicator of exercise intensity

Question 21

What are the 4 determinants that effect VO2 max

Answer 21

1.genetics – VO2 max lower in females than males –> difference in HR, cardiac output, and pysical working capacity
2. sex – VO2 max lower in females –> difference in cardiac output, hemoglobin, muscle mass
3. training status – endurance training = adaptions and dependent on individuals pre-training fitness level —> trained indiviuals have smaller increase in VO2 max w/ additional training and training at moderate to high intensities appears to produce greater increase in VO2max than low intensity
4. age – VO2max decrease w/ age b/c reduce max cardiac output and max (a-v)O2 difference –> max HR decrease linearly w/ age and endurance doesnt slow decline in max hr with aging – muscle mas decrease w/ age

Question 22

What is the lactate threshold

Answer 22

point where blood levels of lactate begin to rise exponentially

Question 23

What is the ventilatory threshold (VT) for lactate threshold

Answer 23

sudden increase in ventilation – marker of lactate threshold but not necessarily related

Question 24

when does the lactate and ventilatory threshold occur in trained and untrained individuals

Answer 24

untrained: 50-60% vo2max
trained: 65-80% vo2max

Question 25

What is exercise economy

Answer 25

oxygen cost of exercise at given speed (ie running) or power output (ie cycling)

Question 26

An individual running at submaixmal speed has the greatest movement economy if they have what

Answer 26

consumes least oxygen == costs less O2 to run at that speed

poor running economy == consume more O2

Question 27

how to find estimated 10000m finish line time

Answer 27

10000m/[speed at LT (L/min) + 5 (m/min)

Question 28

What is happening in the lab

Answer 28

• begin at 3mph and incrase until 70% of students age predicted HR max
• each stage is 2 minutes in length
• incline will be raised 2% until reaching max incline of 10%
• if student begin at speed greater than 6.5mph incline raised 2.5% and if student is able to continue after 10% incline stage start to increase speed by 0.5 mph each minute
• cool down at min 2.0mph for 4-5 min and HR is <100bpm