Lab 4 Flashcards
Types of joint classification
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Structural characteristics of fibrous joints
Adjoining bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity
Structural characteristics of cartilaginous joints
Adjoining bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity
Structural characteristics of synovial joints
Adjoining bones covered in articular cartilage; separated by a joint cavity and enclosed in an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane (fluid)
Structural types of fibrous joints
suture (short fibers, ex. suture in brain), syndesmosis (longer fibers, ex. tib/fib), Gomphosis (periodontal ligament, ex. tooth in bony socket)
Structural types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis (hyaline, ex. costal cartilage to rib), symphyses fibrocartilage, ex. intervertebral discs), symphysis (pubic symph, fibrocart)
Structural types of synovial joints
Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-and-socket
Functional classification of suture
Synarthrosis (NO MOVE)
Functional classification of synchondrosis
Synarthrosis (NO MOVE)
Functional classification of all synovial joints
Diarthrosis (freely move)
Flexion
reducing joint angle
Head going forward, body lean forward, heal come back, arm forward
Extension
increasing joint angle/returning to neutral from flexion
Head moving back to neut
standing up straight
arm moving back
leg straightening
Hyperextension
one step past extension, extending further in the direction of extension past neutral
Abduction
moving away form the midline
arm going away
Adduction
“Adding arm to body”; moving closer to trunk
Circumduction
arm circles
Rotation, lateral and medial
spin
lateral: turning to the outside
Medial: turning back to center
Plane joint
Flat or slightly curved bones, nonaxial gliding motion
Ex: Intertarsal, intercarpal joints
Hinge joint
Rounded or cylindrical bone fits into concave surface on the other bone; uniaxial, flexion and extension
Ex: elbow, interphalangeal joints
Pivot joint
Rounded bone fits into a sleeve (concave bone + ligament); uniaxial, rotation
Ex: Proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial
Condylar joint
Oval condyle fits into an oval depression on the other bone; biaxial, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ex: metacarpophalangeal (knuckle), radiocarpal
Saddle joint
Articulating surfaces are addle shaped, one concave one convex; biaxial, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ex: Carpometacarpal of thumb
Ball-and-socket
Ball-shaped head of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of the other bone; multiaxial: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation
Ex: shoulder, hip
Acromial calavicular joint
Acromion of scapula and clavicle, synovial plane
Diarthrotic (plane): gliding and rotation of scapula on calvicle
Shoulder (glenohumeral) Joint
Scapula and humerus
Synovial ball-socket
Diarthrotic (ball-socket): multiaxial flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction, rotation of humerus
Elbow joint
Ulna (and radius) with humerus
Synovial hinge
Diarthrotic: uniaxial flexion, extension of forearm
Proximal radioulnar joint
Radius and ulna
Synovial pivot
Diarthrotic: uniaxial pivot head of radius rotates in radial notch of ulna
Distal radioulnar joint
Radius and ulna
Synovial pivot (with articular disc)
Diarthrotic: uniaxial rotation of radius allows pronation and supination
Wrist
Radius and proximal carpals
Synovial condylar
Diarthrotic: biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of hand
Intercarpal
adjacent carpals
Synovial plane
Diarthrotic: gliding
Carpometacarpal of digit I (thumb)
Carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal I
Synovial saddle
Diarthrotic: biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition of metacarpal I
Functional classification of syndesmosis
Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
Functional classification of gomphosis
synarthrosis (No move)
functional classification of symphysis
amphiarthrosis (slight movement)
functional classification of symphyses
amphiarthrosis (basically no movement)
Components of a synovial joint
Joint cavity (synovial fluid), articular (hyaline) cartilage, fibrous layer and synovial membrane (articular capsule)
