Lab 30-31 Nervous System and Muskoskeletal Flashcards
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
Two jobs of the CNS
- Brain receives information from rest of nervous system
2. Directs activity of nervous system
Composed of the nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
Basic component of nervous tissue
Neurons
Three types of neurons
- Sensory neurons
- Interneurons
- Motor neurons
Are found in the CNS or in the specialized ganglia along the PNS
Cell bodies
Three parts of a motor neuron
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
How do vertebrate brains differ from eachother?
Differ by comparative sizes of cerebrum, optic lobe, and cerebellum
What two components are in the spinal cord?
- Gray matter
- White matter
A butterfly-shaped area with masses of short nerve fibers, interneurons, and motor neuron cell bodies.
Gray Matter
Masses of long fibers with myelin that carry impulses up and down the spinal cord.
White Matter
Membranes around the eye
- Sclera (outer portion of the eye)
- Cornea (transparent front part of sclera)
- Choroid (middle layer)
- Retina (inner layer)
Used for seeing black and white
Rods
Used for seeing color vision
Cones
Refracts and focuses light rays
Lens
Regulates light entrance
Iris
Admits light in the eye
Pupil
Transmits impulses to the brain in the eye
Optic nerve
Transmits and refracts light rays; supports the eyeball
Humors
Pinna, auditory cannal
Outer ear
Tympanic membrane, ossicles, auditory tube
Middle Ear
Semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea
Inner Ear
Collects sound waves
Pinna
Filters air
Auditory canal
Amplify sound waves
Tympanic membrane and ossicles
Equalizes air pressure
Auditory tube
Rotational equilibrium
Semicircular canals
Gravitational equilibrium
Vestibules
Used mainly for hearing
Cochlea
An involuntary and predictable response to a given stimulus
Reflex
Path of reflex arc
- Receptor – sense organs
- Receptor attached to sensory nerve
- Sensory nerve carries information into spinal cord via dorsal root
- Synapses with interneuron in dorsal horn
- Interneuron synapses with motor nerve in ventral horn
- Motor nerve leaves spinal cord via ventral root
- Motor nerve travels to effector (muscles and glands)
- Effector responds
Fluid-filled compartment in segmented worms which receives pressure of muscular contraction
Hydrostatic Skeleton
External skeleton
Non-jointed in corals, molluscs
Jointed in arthropods made of chitin
Exoskeleton
Internal skeleton
Made of bone and cartilage
Endoskeleton
site of muscle attachment to a fixed bone
Origin
site of muscle attachment to a moveable bone
Insertion
movement of jointed parts toward each other
Flexion
movement of jointed parts away from each other
Extension
muscles that act in opposition to each other
Antagonistic pairs
the nerve path in the body that leads from stimulus to reflex
action: stimulus to sensory receptor to sensory neuron to interneuron to motor
neuron to effector (muscle or glands).
Arc reflex
