Lab 30-31 Nervous System and Muskoskeletal

Question 1

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous System

Question 2

Two jobs of the CNS

Answer 2

1. Brain receives information from rest of nervous system

2. Directs activity of nervous system

Question 3

Composed of the nerves

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

Basic component of nervous tissue

Answer 4

Neurons

Question 5

Three types of neurons

Answer 5

1. Sensory neurons
2. Interneurons
3. Motor neurons

Question 6

Are found in the CNS or in the specialized ganglia along the PNS

Answer 6

Cell bodies

Question 7

Three parts of a motor neuron

Answer 7

1. Cell body
2. Dendrites
3. Axon

Question 8

How do vertebrate brains differ from eachother?

Answer 8

Differ by comparative sizes of cerebrum, optic lobe, and cerebellum

Question 9

What two components are in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

• Gray matter

- White matter

Question 10

A butterfly-shaped area with masses of short nerve fibers, interneurons, and motor neuron cell bodies.

Answer 10

Gray Matter

Question 11

Masses of long fibers with myelin that carry impulses up and down the spinal cord.

Answer 11

White Matter

Question 12

Membranes around the eye

Answer 12

• Sclera (outer portion of the eye)
• Cornea (transparent front part of sclera)
• Choroid (middle layer)
• Retina (inner layer)

Question 13

Used for seeing black and white

Answer 13

Rods

Question 14

Used for seeing color vision

Answer 14

Cones

Question 15

Refracts and focuses light rays

Answer 15

Lens

Question 16

Regulates light entrance

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

Admits light in the eye

Answer 17

Pupil

Question 18

Transmits impulses to the brain in the eye

Answer 18

Optic nerve

Question 19

Transmits and refracts light rays; supports the eyeball

Answer 19

Humors

Question 20

Pinna, auditory cannal

Answer 20

Outer ear

Question 21

Tympanic membrane, ossicles, auditory tube

Answer 21

Middle Ear

Question 22

Semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea

Answer 22

Inner Ear

Question 23

Collects sound waves

Answer 23

Pinna

Question 24

Filters air

Answer 24

Auditory canal

Question 25

Amplify sound waves

Answer 25

Tympanic membrane and ossicles

Question 26

Equalizes air pressure

Answer 26

Auditory tube

Question 27

Rotational equilibrium

Answer 27

Semicircular canals

Question 28

Gravitational equilibrium

Answer 28

Vestibules

Question 29

Used mainly for hearing

Answer 29

Cochlea

Question 30

An involuntary and predictable response to a given stimulus

Answer 30

Reflex

Question 31

Path of reflex arc

Answer 31

1. Receptor – sense organs
2. Receptor attached to sensory nerve
3. Sensory nerve carries information into spinal cord via dorsal root
4. Synapses with interneuron in dorsal horn
5. Interneuron synapses with motor nerve in ventral horn
6. Motor nerve leaves spinal cord via ventral root
7. Motor nerve travels to effector (muscles and glands)
8. Effector responds

Question 32

Fluid-filled compartment in segmented worms which receives pressure of muscular contraction

Answer 32

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Question 33

External skeleton
Non-jointed in corals, molluscs
Jointed in arthropods made of chitin

Answer 33

Exoskeleton

Question 34

Internal skeleton

Made of bone and cartilage

Answer 34

Endoskeleton

Question 35

site of muscle attachment to a fixed bone

Answer 35

Origin

Question 36

site of muscle attachment to a moveable bone

Answer 36

Insertion

Question 37

movement of jointed parts toward each other

Answer 37

Flexion

Question 38

movement of jointed parts away from each other

Answer 38

Extension

Question 39

muscles that act in opposition to each other

Answer 39

Antagonistic pairs

Question 40

the nerve path in the body that leads from stimulus to reflex
action: stimulus to sensory receptor to sensory neuron to interneuron to motor
neuron to effector (muscle or glands).

Answer 40

Arc reflex