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Biology 110 Lab > Lab 25-29 Animal Organization and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Lab 25-29 Animal Organization and Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of biological organization

A
  1. Cells
  2. Tissues
  3. Organs
  4. Organ systems
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2
Q

Major tissues in human body

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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3
Q

Continuous layer over body surface and cavities

A

Epithelial Tissue

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4
Q

Function of the epithelial tissue

A
  • Protection from infection, injury, and drying out

- May produce and release secretions, absorb nutrients

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5
Q

How are epithelial tissue arranged?

A
  • Shapes

- Layers

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6
Q

Three shapes in epithelial tissue

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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7
Q

Three layers of epithelial tissues

A
  • Simple
  • Stratified
  • Pseudo stratified
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8
Q

Two different extensions of epithelial tissue

A
  • Cellular extensions called microvilli

- Hair like extensions called cilia

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9
Q

Two kinds of connective tissue

A
  1. Connective tissue proper

2. Special connective tissue

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10
Q

Kinds of connective tissue proper

A
  1. Loose fibrous
  2. Dense fibrous
  3. Adipose tissue
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11
Q

Job of loose fibrous tissue

A

Binds organs together

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12
Q

Job of dense fibrous tissue

A

Tendons and ligaments

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13
Q

Job of adipose tissue

A

Insulation, fat storage, cushioning, and protection

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14
Q

Kinds of special connective tissue

A
  1. Bone
  2. Cartilage
  3. Blood
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15
Q

In bones of skeleton

A

Compact Bone

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16
Q

Chondrocytes in lacuna

A

Hyaline cartilage

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17
Q

Consists of plasma and cells

A

Blood

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18
Q

Job of muscular tissue

A

Contracts and is made of fibers

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19
Q

Three types of muscular tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
20
Q

Three characteristics of skeletal muscle

A
  1. Voluntary
  2. On muscles of skeleton
  3. Has striations
21
Q

Three characteristics of cardiac muscle

A
  1. Involuntary
  2. Striations
  3. Branched fibers
  4. Intercalated discs
22
Q

Three characteristics of smooth muscle

A
  1. Involuntary
  2. Walls of internal organs
  3. Spindle shaped
23
Q

Structures composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform particular functions

24
Q

Components of skin

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous layer
25
Q

What is epidermis composed of?

A
  1. Stratified squamous epithelial cells
  2. Outer cells are non living and create waterproof covering
  3. Inner layer is composed of living cells that produce new cells
26
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A
  1. Connective tissue region composed of blood vessels, nerves, sense organs, oil and sweat glands, and hair
27
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

2. Insulates and protects inner body parts

28
Q

Dynamic equilibrium of body’s internal enviroment

A

Homeostasis

29
Q

Process of capillary exchange

A
  1. Cells, tissue fluid and blood exchange nutrients and wastes
  2. Occurs through thin walls of capillaries
  3. Glucose and oxygen are supplied to cells
  4. Carbon dioxide and other wastes are removed
30
Q

What contribute to homeostasis?

A

Lungs, liver, and kidney

31
Q

Alveoli are surrounded by ______

A

Capillaries

32
Q

How do the lungs maintain homeostasis?

A

Gas exchange in lungs

33
Q

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion of gases along a _______

A

Concentration gradient

34
Q

What produces urea?

35
Q

How does the liver maintain homeostasis?

A

Removes amino group from amino acids and converts it into urea nitrogenous end product

36
Q

To regulate blood glucose level, after eating what happens?

A
  • Blood glucose levels rise

- Pancreas secretes insulin to promote uptake of glucose from blood by liver and stores it as glycogen

37
Q

To regulate blood glucose level, between meals what happens?

A
  • Blood glucose levels drop

- Glucagon is released to promote breakdown of glycogen in liver and glucose is released to raise blood sugar level

38
Q

How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?

A

Excrete nitrogenous wastes through urine formation

- regulates blood volume, blood pressure, and pH

39
Q

Blood pressure causes small molecules to leave blood and become filtrate

A

Glomerular Filtration

40
Q

Water and salt are passively reabsorbed

A

Reabsorption

41
Q

Certain substances are actively secreted and hydrogen ions and ammonia

A

Tubular Secretion

42
Q

Control of salt and water balance in the body

A

Osmoregulation

43
Q

Four layers of the intestine

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
44
Q

When a heart chamber contracts

45
Q

When a chamber relaxes

Biology 110 Lab (5 decks)

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