Lab 18-19-21 Flower Plants and Transport Flashcards
What are the vegetative organs of a plant?
- Roots 2. Stems 3. Leaves
Anchor plant and absorb water and minerals
Roots
Support Leaves
Stems
Carry on Photosynethesis
Leaves
Embryonic Tissue (apical0
Meristem
Three tissues in plants
- Dermal 2. Ground 3. Vascular
Outer protective covering
Dermal Tissue
Example of dermal tissue
Epidermis
Fills interior of plant, stores products of photosynthesis
Ground Tissue
Examples of ground tissue
Cortex Pith Mesophyll
transports products of Photosynthesis (water and sugar) and gives plant support
Vascular Tisue
Example of vascular tissue
Xylem Phloem Vascular Cylinder Vascular bundle Veins
When a plant increases in length
Primary Growth
Regions and Structures of the root
- Root cap 2. Zone of cell division 3. Zone of elongation 4. Zone of maturation
Dead cells for protection
Root Cap
Apical meristem, new cells are prodcued
Zone of cell division
New cells grow in length
Zone of elongation
Cells differentiate, has root hairs
Zone of maturation
Three different kinds of roots
- Tap root 2. Fibrous roots 3. Adventitious roots
Main root is many times larger than the branch roots, may store food
Tap root
All roots are almost same size
Fibrous roots
Develop from non root tissues (Prop roots and Aeria roots)
Adventitious roots
Root differences between monocot and euidcot
Monocot - root xylem and phloem in a ring Eudicot - root phloem between arms of xylem
Two different kinds of stems
- Herbaceous 2. Woody
Non woody stem, undergo primary growth (length)
Herbaceous
Undergo primary (apical meristem) and secondary growth (vascular cambium)
Woody
Stem differences between monocot and eudicot
Monocot - vascular bundles scattered in stem Eudicot - vascular bundles arranged in a distinct ring
Different types of stems
- Runners 2. Stolons 3. Rhizomes 4. Tubers 5. Corms
Two types of woody stems
- WInter twig 2. Woody stem
Terminal bud, terminal bud scar, leaf scar, bundle scars, node, axillary bud
Winter Twig
Bark, Vascular cambium, Wood, Pith, Rays
Woody Stems
Bark is made up of
- Cork 2. Cortex 3. Phloem
Leaf anatomy
- Cuticle 2. Upper epidermis 3. Lower epidermis 4. Mesophyll
Leaves may be arranged how?
- Simple 2. Compound 3. Arranged on a stem
If leaves are compound, what may they be?
- Palmately compound 2. Pinnately compound
How may leaves be arranged on a stem?
- Alternate 2. Opposite 3. Whorled
Water transport in roots
- By root hairs - Osmosis and tonicity of solution outside and inside of roots
Water transport in stems
- Water column - Adhesion and cohesion inside xylem
Water transport in leaves
- Transpiration and transpiration pull
Guard cells regulate openings and closing
Stomata
Fruits can be two things
- Fleshy 2. Dry
Examples of fleshy fruits
- Drupe - Berry - Pome
Examples of dry fuits
- Legum - Grain - Nut - Samara
Parts of the seed
- Seed coat - Cotyledon - Epicotyl - Hypocotyl
Seed differences in monocot and eudicot
Monocot - One cotyledon Eudicot - two cotyledons
Leaf differences in monocot and eudicot
Monocot - leaf veins form a parallel pattern Eudicot - leaf veins form a net pattern
Flower differences in monocot and euidicot
Monocot - flower parts in three and multiples of three Eudicot - flower parts in fours or fives and their multiples
Small extensions of the root that absorb water and minerals
Root hairs
Anchors the plant in the soil, absorbs water and minerals from the soil, and stores the products of photosynthesis received from the leaves
Root System
the outermost layer of small cells that gives rise to root hairs.
Epidermis
Consists of several layers of thin walled cells
Epidermis
a single layer of cells whose walls are thickened by a layer of waxy material known as the Casparian Strip.
Endodermis
a layer one or two cells thick just inside the endodermis.
Pericycle
has arms that extend like the spokes of a wheel.
Xylem
Located between the arms of the xylem
Phloem
a centrally located ground tissue that functions in food storage.
Pith
May photosynthesize or store nutrients
Cortex
Transports water and organizes nutrients
Vascular Bundle
Produces adventitious roots and new shoots at nodes.
Stolon
Below ground horizontal stem whcih functions as a fleshy food storage organ
Rhizome
Gives off food storage
Tubers
A gladiolus that has a vertical stem, gives off food storage, and has papery leaves.
Corms
Is meristem tissue, which produces new xylem and phloem called secondary xylem and phloem.
Vascular Cambium
A single layers of cells that produce trichomes.
Upper and lower epidermis
The outermost layer that protects the leaf and prevents water loss
Cuticle
Near the upper epidermis. Contain chloroplasts and carry on most of the plant’s photosynthesis.
Palisade Mesophyll
Located near the lower epidermis. Have air spaces that facilitate the exchange of gases across the plasma membrane.
Spongy Mesophyll
Composed of cells that divide
Meristematic Tissue
Is located at the terminal end of the stem, the branches, and at the root tip and the root branches
Apical Meristem
Non living tissue that transports water from roots to leaves
Xylem
Two parts of xylem
- Tracheids 2. Vessel elements
Larger than tracheids are are arranged to form a continuous pipeline for water and minerals
Vessels
Evaporation of water from leaves
Transpiration
Stores the nutrients that the embryo uses as nourishment
Cotyledon
Becomes the leaves
Epicotyl
Becomes the stem
Hypocotyl
Becomes the roots
Radicle
The ripened ovary of a flowering plant
Fruit
Flowers never contain what?
Seeds
The ovarian wall thickens and becomes a _______
Pericarp
The outer covering of a fruit
Pericarp
The three layers of the pericarp
- Exocarp 2. Mesocarp 3. Endocarp
Fruits derived from a single ovary
Simple Fruits
Fruits derived from a single number of ovaries within a single flower
Aggregate fruit
Fruits derived from a number of ovaries of several flowers
Multiple Fruits
When mature seeds are dry, and for germination to begin, the dry tissues must take up water.
Imbibition
The parts of the flower
