LAB 3 TISSUE😩🙏🏾💪🏾 Flashcards
Whats is a “Tissue”
A group of similar cells with similar functions
-Performs specific roles in an organ
What is the study of tissue called?
Histology (microscopic anatomy)
-The study of tissue and how they arrange into organs
What are the four (4) primary tissue classes?
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
NOTE:
How tissue types differ from each other
-Types and functions of their cell
-Characteritics of the MATRIX (extracellular material/fluid)
-Amount of space used by cell versus matrix
What is the ‘Matrix’ and what is it composed of?
Tissue fluid/Tissue gel - Extracellular fluid (EFC)
Made of: Fibrous proteins and clear gel called ‘Ground substance”
What is ‘Embryonic Tissue’?
Tissue layers that makes up embryo
What are Epithelial Tissue?
Covers all body surface, lines body cavities
(and hollow organs, major tissue in gland)
Note/Facts:
-Avascular - no blood vessels
-nourished by connective tissue
-cells are very close
what are the functions of the Epithelial tissue?
(list 4)
- Protection - Excretion - Absorption
- Secretion
- Filtration
- Diffusion
- Sensory reception
Name the 2 surface are of the epithelial cell?
- Basal surface -facing Basement Membrane (inner)
- Apical surface - face away from membrane (outter)
(Difference between both: one face in - one face out)
What are the two types of epithelia tissue?
- Simple epithelia
- Stratified epithelia
What are the properties of ‘Simple Epithelia’?
- ONE LAYER OF CELL
- All cells touch basement membrane
- Name by shape
What are the properties of ‘Stratified epithelia’?
- MORE THAN ONE CELL LAYER
- Cells do not touch basement membrane
- Also name by shape
List the four (4) types of Simple epithelia
- Simple squamous - (thin, scaly cells)z
- Simple cuboidal - (square or round cells)
- Simple columnar - (tall, narrow cells)
- Pseudostratified columnar - (Falsely appears stratified - seems like two layers but is only one layer)
What is ‘simple squamous epithelium’?
What is its function?
Where is it located?
Single row of thin cells
Function: Diffusion, Secretion
Location: Liver & Kidney
What is ‘simple cuboidal epithelium’?
What are its functions?
Where is it located?
Square/Round
Function: Absorption, Secretion
Locations: Liver, Kidney
What is ‘Simple columnar epithelium’?
What is its function?
Where is it located?
Tall/Narrow cells
Function: Secretion, Absorption
Location: Uterus, Kidney
What is ‘Pseudostratified epithelium’?
What are its functions?
Where is it located?
Not multilayered
Function: Secretion, Move mucus
Location: Respiratory tract, Male urethra
What are ‘Stratified epithelia’?
Two or more layers of cell (up to 20 layers)
- Only deepest layer attach to membrane
Name the 4 types of stratified epithelia?
- Stratified Squamous
- Stratified cuboidal
- Startified Columnar
- Transitional Epithelium
What is stratified squamous?
What are its functions?
Where is it located?
Most common - Deepest layer
Function: Protection
Location: Outer layer of skin - Epidermis
Name the two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia?
- Keratinized – Skin surface
- Nonkeratinized – lacks surface area
What are the functions of ‘Keratinized startified squamous’?
Where is it located?
surface layer
Function: prevents water loss
Location: Skin (Palms and sole)
What are the functions of ‘Nonkeratinized squamous’?
Where is it located?
No surface layer - dead cells
Functions: prevents water loss
Location: Tongue, vagina
What are stratified cuboidal epithelium?
What is its function?
Wher is it located?
square or round
Function: Sweat, produce hormones
Location: Sweat gland, male teste
What are Transitional epithelium ?
cells change round > flat
function: Expansion
Location: Bladder
What are ‘Connective Tissue’?
Supports, Connects and protects organs
-Have many blood vessels
Cartilage has few or no blood vessel - underlying tissue provide nutrients
What are the functions of connective tissues?
-Binds organs
-Support
-Movement
What are the six cells of the fibrous connective tissue?
(and their functions)
- Fibroblasts - Produce fibers
- Macrophages - Remove dead cells
- Leukocytes - white blood cells
- Plasma cells - Make antibody
- Mast cells - Stops clotting
- Adipocytes - Stores fat
Name the Types of Fibrous Connective tissue?
- Areolar tissue
- Reticular tissue
- Dense regular connective tissue
- Dense irregular connective tissues
Areolar tissue?
Loose fibers
Function: Cushion
Location: Blood vessels, Nerves
Reticular tissue?
Cover reticular fibers
Function: forms stroma
Location: Spleen, thymus
Dense regular connective tissue?
Elastic tissue > forms wavy sheets
Location: Tendons
Dense irregular connective tissue?
Randomly arrange
Function: Resist stress
Location: Deep layer of skin
What are ‘Adipose tissue’?
Fatty tissue
Function: Main source of energy (fat)
Adipose Tissue – Two types of fat
- White fat - Adults
-Provides heat
- Insulation (breast and hips) - Brown fat - Kids
- Provide heat
- Organ insulation
Main facts: nucleus pressed against membrane
What is Cartilage?
Connective tisssue - Flexible matrix
Location: Ear, nose tip, voice box
NOTE:
-No blood vessels - heals slowly
- Diffusion helps with healing and nutrients
Name the two types of cartilage cells?
- Chondroblast -immature cell
- Chondrocytes - mature cell
Perichondrium - Covering of cartilage cells
Name the types of cartilage?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage?
Clear glassy appearance
Function: Joint movement, Bone growth,
Location: Joints, Skeletal
Elastic cartilage?
Elastic fiber
Function; Flexibility, elastic support
Location: Ear, behind trachea
Fibrocartilage?
large coarse fibers
Function: Absorbs shocks
Location: knee, vertebrate
What are bone tissue?
connective tissue
Skeleton made of bone tissue
Function: support, protection
Name the two forms of Bone tissues?
- Spongy bone - Soft
Location: Long bones, flat bones - Compact bone - solid
Location: blood vessel in long bones
What is the name of the covering of the bone?
Periosteum
-Tough fiber
What is Blood?
liquid connective tissue
Function: Transport cells
-Plasma - liquid part of blood
-Formed elements - Solid part of blood
What are the 3 main types of blood cells?
What are their functions?
- Erythrocytes - Red blood cells Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Leukocytes - White blood cells
Function: Fight disease - Platelets - Prevent clotting
What is the largest membrane of the body?
Skin - (Dermis & Epidermis)
Function - Protection
