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1st Lab Exam > LAB 3 TISSUE😩🙏🏾💪🏾 > Flashcards

LAB 3 TISSUE😩🙏🏾💪🏾 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats is a “Tissue”

A

A group of similar cells with similar functions

-Performs specific roles in an organ

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2
Q

What is the study of tissue called?

A

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

-The study of tissue and how they arrange into organs

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3
Q

What are the four (4) primary tissue classes?

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Nervous Tissue
  4. Muscular Tissue
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4
Q

NOTE:
How tissue types differ from each other

A

-Types and functions of their cell
-Characteritics of the MATRIX (extracellular material/fluid)
-Amount of space used by cell versus matrix

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5
Q

What is the ‘Matrix’ and what is it composed of?

A

Tissue fluid/Tissue gel - Extracellular fluid (EFC)

Made of: Fibrous proteins and clear gel called ‘Ground substance”

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6
Q

What is ‘Embryonic Tissue’?

A

Tissue layers that makes up embryo

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7
Q

What are Epithelial Tissue?

A

Covers all body surface, lines body cavities
(and hollow organs, major tissue in gland)

Note/Facts:
-Avascular - no blood vessels
-nourished by connective tissue
-cells are very close

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8
Q

what are the functions of the Epithelial tissue?

(list 4)

A
  • Protection - Excretion - Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Filtration
  • Diffusion
  • Sensory reception
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9
Q

Name the 2 surface are of the epithelial cell?

A
  1. Basal surface -facing Basement Membrane (inner)
  2. Apical surface - face away from membrane (outter)

(Difference between both: one face in - one face out)

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10
Q

What are the two types of epithelia tissue?

A
  1. Simple epithelia
  2. Stratified epithelia
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11
Q

What are the properties of ‘Simple Epithelia’?

A
  • ONE LAYER OF CELL
  • All cells touch basement membrane
  • Name by shape
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12
Q

What are the properties of ‘Stratified epithelia’?

A
  • MORE THAN ONE CELL LAYER
  • Cells do not touch basement membrane
  • Also name by shape
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13
Q

List the four (4) types of Simple epithelia

A
  1. Simple squamous - (thin, scaly cells)z
  2. Simple cuboidal - (square or round cells)
  3. Simple columnar - (tall, narrow cells)
  4. Pseudostratified columnar - (Falsely appears stratified - seems like two layers but is only one layer)
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14
Q

What is ‘simple squamous epithelium’?

What is its function?

Where is it located?

A

Single row of thin cells

Function: Diffusion, Secretion

Location: Liver & Kidney

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15
Q

What is ‘simple cuboidal epithelium’?

What are its functions?

Where is it located?

A

Square/Round

Function: Absorption, Secretion

Locations: Liver, Kidney

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16
Q

What is ‘Simple columnar epithelium’?

What is its function?

Where is it located?

A

Tall/Narrow cells

Function: Secretion, Absorption

Location: Uterus, Kidney

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17
Q

What is ‘Pseudostratified epithelium’?

What are its functions?

Where is it located?

A

Not multilayered

Function: Secretion, Move mucus

Location: Respiratory tract, Male urethra

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18
Q

What are ‘Stratified epithelia’?

A

Two or more layers of cell (up to 20 layers)

  • Only deepest layer attach to membrane
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19
Q

Name the 4 types of stratified epithelia?

A
  1. Stratified Squamous
  2. Stratified cuboidal
  3. Startified Columnar
  4. Transitional Epithelium
20
Q

What is stratified squamous?

What are its functions?

Where is it located?

A

Most common - Deepest layer

Function: Protection

Location: Outer layer of skin - Epidermis

21
Q

Name the two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia?

A
  1. Keratinized – Skin surface
  2. Nonkeratinized – lacks surface area
22
Q

What are the functions of ‘Keratinized startified squamous’?

Where is it located?

A

surface layer

Function: prevents water loss

Location: Skin (Palms and sole)

23
Q

What are the functions of ‘Nonkeratinized squamous’?

Where is it located?

A

No surface layer - dead cells

Functions: prevents water loss

Location: Tongue, vagina

24
Q

What are stratified cuboidal epithelium?

What is its function?

Wher is it located?

A

square or round

Function: Sweat, produce hormones

Location: Sweat gland, male teste

25
Q

What are Transitional epithelium ?

A

cells change round > flat

function: Expansion

Location: Bladder

26
Q

What are ‘Connective Tissue’?

A

Supports, Connects and protects organs

-Have many blood vessels

Cartilage has few or no blood vessel - underlying tissue provide nutrients

27
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues?

A

-Binds organs
-Support
-Movement

28
Q

What are the six cells of the fibrous connective tissue?
(and their functions)

A
  1. Fibroblasts - Produce fibers
  2. Macrophages - Remove dead cells
  3. Leukocytes - white blood cells
  4. Plasma cells - Make antibody
  5. Mast cells - Stops clotting
  6. Adipocytes - Stores fat
29
Q

Name the Types of Fibrous Connective tissue?

A
  1. Areolar tissue
  2. Reticular tissue
  3. Dense regular connective tissue
  4. Dense irregular connective tissues
30
Q

Areolar tissue?

A

Loose fibers

Function: Cushion

Location: Blood vessels, Nerves

31
Q

Reticular tissue?

A

Cover reticular fibers

Function: forms stroma

Location: Spleen, thymus

32
Q

Dense regular connective tissue?

A

Elastic tissue > forms wavy sheets

Location: Tendons

33
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Randomly arrange

Function: Resist stress

Location: Deep layer of skin

34
Q

What are ‘Adipose tissue’?

A

Fatty tissue
Function: Main source of energy (fat)

35
Q

Adipose Tissue – Two types of fat

A
  1. White fat - Adults
    -Provides heat
    - Insulation (breast and hips)
  2. Brown fat - Kids
    - Provide heat
    - Organ insulation

Main facts: nucleus pressed against membrane

36
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

Connective tisssue - Flexible matrix

Location: Ear, nose tip, voice box

NOTE:
-No blood vessels - heals slowly
- Diffusion helps with healing and nutrients

37
Q

Name the two types of cartilage cells?

A
  1. Chondroblast -immature cell
  2. Chondrocytes - mature cell

Perichondrium - Covering of cartilage cells

38
Q

Name the types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic cartilage
39
Q

Hyaline cartilage?

A

Clear glassy appearance

Function: Joint movement, Bone growth,
Location: Joints, Skeletal

40
Q

Elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic fiber

Function; Flexibility, elastic support

Location: Ear, behind trachea

41
Q

Fibrocartilage?

A

large coarse fibers

Function: Absorbs shocks

Location: knee, vertebrate

42
Q

What are bone tissue?

A

connective tissue

Skeleton made of bone tissue

Function: support, protection

43
Q

Name the two forms of Bone tissues?

A
  1. Spongy bone - Soft
    Location: Long bones, flat bones
  2. Compact bone - solid
    Location: blood vessel in long bones
44
Q

What is the name of the covering of the bone?

A

Periosteum

-Tough fiber

45
Q

What is Blood?

A

liquid connective tissue

Function: Transport cells

-Plasma - liquid part of blood
-Formed elements - Solid part of blood

46
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood cells?

What are their functions?

A
  1. Erythrocytes - Red blood cells Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
  2. Leukocytes - White blood cells
    Function: Fight disease
  3. Platelets - Prevent clotting
47
Q

What is the largest membrane of the body?

A

Skin - (Dermis & Epidermis)

Function - Protection

1st Lab Exam (6 decks)

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