LAB 1 PARTICLE MOVEMENT (Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration)

Question 1

Why is the the plasma membrane partially permeable?

Answer 1

allows some things through, but preventing others from passing

Question 2

What is Kinetic energy?

Answer 2

The energy of motion

NOTE :
-All atoms are moving
-Kinectic energy is temperature dependent

Question 3

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 3

The random movement of molecules produced from kinetic energy.
(movement is temperature dependent)

NOTE:
motion of particles in liquid/gas
Movemet was observed in ‘wet mount of milk’ experiment

Question 4

AT THE END OF CARDS REVIEW ALL EXPERIMENTS
AND TAKE NOTES!

Answer 4

ALL EXPERIMENTS

Question 5

Does brownian motion ever stop?
Under what conditions does it stop?

Answer 5

Brownian motion is affected by temperature – Motion stops at 0 Kelvin

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

The movement of molecules from an area of high oncentration to an area of low concentration

Question 7

List 5 factors that affects diffusion?

Properties of diffusion:

Answer 7

Diffusion is dependent on:

1. Size/molecular weight – Increase with smaller moleules
2. It’s concentration – faster in gaseous than solid or liquid states
3. The concentration gradient – increases with a larger concentration gradient
   4.Distance – increase with shorter distances
   5.temperature – increase at higher temperature

Question 8

What factors will influence the rate of diffusion?

Answer 8

Same as previous question

RELY ON YOUR MEMORY FOR ANSWERS!
Hint: 5 factors

Question 9

What is the end result of diffusion called?

Answer 9

Equilibrium

Question 10

What is Equilibrium?

Answer 10

The end of diffusion – when the molecules are evenly spread

Question 11

Does movement stop at the end of diffusion?

Answer 11

random movement (Brownian motion) still occurs

Question 12

What is osmosis?

Answer 12

The movement of water through a SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE
1. low concentration = More water
2. High concentration = Less water

Answer 13

BOTH TRUE

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE
Osmosis only occurs if the membrane is permeable to water but not to certain solutes?

Answer 14

TRUE

review osmosis experiments

Question 15

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 15

-Stops the flow of water through a semipermeable membrane
(prevents osmosis from happening)

eg: see molasses experiment - zoom review
The osmotic pressure of molasses (solution) prevented too much water from passing throught the thistle tube - high moliculer level (large particles)

Question 16

Does the cell use energy for osmosis to occur?

Answer 16

It requires no energy ( NO ATP)

-passive mechanism requires no ATP/energy
-Random molecular motion of particles provides necessary energy (brownian motion)

Question 17

What is tonicity?

Answer 17

How concentration affects cell

The ability of the solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water
(solution alters cells water content)

Question 18

Name the types of solution?

Answer 18

1.Hypertonic
2.Isotonic
3.Hypotonic

Question 19

What is Isotonic solution?

Answer 19

water concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell – results in no movement of water

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE

If two environment have the same concentration its refered to as ISOTONIC SOLUTION?

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

If the concentration in the cell is the same as the concentration around it what will happen if the cell burst?

OR

What is the effect of Isotonic solution on the cell?

Answer 21

Nothing will happen (NO CHANGE)
- The concentration of water will not change/increase ↔️🔴⬅️➡️

Question 22

What is ‘Hypertonic solution’?

Answer 22

-Lower concentration of water ouside cell - higher concentration of water inside cell

-Surrounding Solution contains higher solute concentration than the red blood cell

Water moves out of cell ⬅️🔴

Question 23

Whats the effect of a hypertonic solution on the red blood cell?

Answer 23

causes “crenation” – cell shrinkage

(the movement of water will excrete from the cell and into the solution) – causing the cell to shrink ⬅️🔴

Question 24

What is ‘hypotonic solution’?

Answer 24

-A solution with low solute and high water concentraion.

-Higher concentration of water outside of cell - higher concentration of solute inside cell

-water moves inside the cell ➡️🔴

Question 25

what is the effect of hypotonic solution on the cell?

Answer 25

cell absorb water – Hemolysis occurs – cell burst

Net movement of water - inside cell ➡️🔴

Question 26

What is “filtration”?

Answer 26

The separation of molecules by size though a SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

Question 27

What is the name of the solution that passes through the filter?

Answer 27

filtrate

Question 28

What is active processes?

Answer 28

Cell requires energy in the form of ATP for active processes

Question 29

What is passive processes?

Answer 29

The cell does not require energy for passive processes

SUCH AS:
-FILTRATION
-DIFFUSION
-OSMOSIS