LAB 2 THE CELL Flashcards
What is a cell?
The building block of the body/organism
Cell Facts:
-All organisms are composed of cells
-responsible for structural and functional properties of all organism
what are the three (3) main structures/organelles of the cell?
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
what is the Plasma (cell) membrane?
Surrounds cell - controls movement of what goes in & out
-Made of proteins and lipids
-every cell has a membrane
TRUE or FALSE
the cell membrane is made up of 2% protein and 98% lipids?
TRUE
-98% of membrane molecules are lipids
-protein is the outter area and lipids is the inner most area
75% of lipids are phospholipids
Explain the structure of phospholipids?
“Amphipatic”
_Hydrophilic head (face water - intra and extra fluids)
_Hydrophobic tail (center - avoid water)
What is ‘Microvilli’, its function and where can it be found?
Tiny extention of membrane
Function: Absorption
increase surface area (more surface area, more diffusion/absorption)
Location:
Small intestins, kidney
Note - appears as fringe ‘brush/bristles border”
What is ‘Flagella’?
It’s function and location?
Tail of a sperm & bacteria cell - whip-like structure
Function:
-Movement of the cell
(swims/propels - snake like movement)
Note: Much longer than cilia
What is the ‘Cytoskeleton’?
Maintain cell shape - support structure - Directs cell movement
What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?
- Microfilaments - 6nm thick – Smallest
- Intermediate fibers - 8-10nm thick
- Microtubules - 25nm thick
List the properties of ‘Microfilaments’?
-Its the smallest - 6nm thick
-Made of actin protein
-forms terminal web
List the properties of ‘Intermediate filaments’?
- 8 to 10nm thick
-made of Keratin - Gives cell shape, resist stress
List the properties of ‘Microtubules’?
- The biggest - 25nm thick
- Made of protein tubulin
- Support cell structure
What are Organelles?
Internal structure of a cell - have specific task
Name the two types of Organelles?
- Membranous Organelles
- Nonmembranous Organelles
List 3 Membranous Organelles?
Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi complex
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Endoplasmic reticulum
List 3 Nonmembranous Organelles?
(R-C-C)
R-C-C
Ribosomes, Centrosomes, Centrioles
What is the ‘Nucleus’?
Controles protein production - The largest Organelle
-Contains DNA and protein
What is the ‘Nucleoplasm’?
Substance inside the Nucleus
- Maintains shape of the Nucleus
Contains:
-Chromatin - (Thread like) composed of DNA an protein
-Nucleoli - Masses where Ribosomes are produced
Whast is the ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum’?
Stores Calcium, protein synthesis, produce lipid and protein
Name the 2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
Both are attached but have seperate functions
What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum and its functions? (RER)
Flat sacs covered with RIBOSOMES - Produce protien and phospholipids
- Synthesizes proteins packages in other organelles
What is the function of the ‘Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum’ (SER)?
Smooth flat sac that doesn’t have ribosomes attached to it
-Synthesizes steriods and other lipids
-Calcium storage
-Detox alcohol and drugs
TRUE OR FALSE
Both SER and RER are apart of the same network but they have seperate functions?
TRUE
- What are ‘Ribosomes’?
- What are the functions of Ribosomes?
Particles made of protein and RNA.
Location: Surface of rough ER
- Function:
-The site of protein synthesis
-Reads mRNA code, then uses code to assemble amino acids into protein
What is ‘Golgi Complex’?
System that packages protein into membrane-bound ‘Golgi vesicle’.
- What is ‘Lysosomes’?
- What are the functions of Lysosomes?
Package of enzymes - Digestive system of the cell
- Functions:
- Digest only organelle OR whole cell
Name the two main types of Lysosomes functions?
- Autophagy – Digestion of organelles
- Autolysis – Digestion of whole cell by itself(cell suicide)
What is ‘Peroxisomes’ and its main function?
enzymes oxidize fatty acids
-Breaks down fatty acids
-Detox alcohol and drug
What are ‘Proteosomes’?
what is the function of proteosomes?
Where are proteosomes located?
Breaks down unwanted protein
Function:
Break down protein into amino acids
Location:
Huge amount in; Liver & Kidney
What is “Mitochondria”?
Functions of mitochondria?
Power house of cell – Makes (ATP) energy for cell
Function: Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria
Has double membrane:
1.Inner membrane - Cristae
2.Outter membrane- Matrix
What is ‘Centrioles’?
what is its function?
Made of nine microtubules (nine groups of 3)
Function: Helps with cell division
(in mitosis - Cause chromatins to move in opposite directions)
Define cilia?
It’s function and location?
Hair-like structure
Function:
-Remove debris/fluid, Sensory
Location: Epithelial cell of:
-lung
-Trachea
-Small Intestine
