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1st Lab Exam > LAB 2 THE CELL > Flashcards

LAB 2 THE CELL Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell?

A

The building block of the body/organism

Cell Facts:
-All organisms are composed of cells
-responsible for structural and functional properties of all organism

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2
Q

what are the three (3) main structures/organelles of the cell?

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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3
Q

what is the Plasma (cell) membrane?

A

Surrounds cell - controls movement of what goes in & out

-Made of proteins and lipids
-every cell has a membrane

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE
the cell membrane is made up of 2% protein and 98% lipids?

A

TRUE

-98% of membrane molecules are lipids
-protein is the outter area and lipids is the inner most area

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5
Q

75% of lipids are phospholipids

Explain the structure of phospholipids?

A

“Amphipatic”

_Hydrophilic head (face water - intra and extra fluids)
_Hydrophobic tail (center - avoid water)

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6
Q

What is ‘Microvilli’, its function and where can it be found?

A

Tiny extention of membrane

Function: Absorption
increase surface area (more surface area, more diffusion/absorption)

Location:
Small intestins, kidney

Note - appears as fringe ‘brush/bristles border”

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7
Q

What is ‘Flagella’?

It’s function and location?

A

Tail of a sperm & bacteria cell - whip-like structure

Function:
-Movement of the cell
(swims/propels - snake like movement)

Note: Much longer than cilia

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8
Q

What is the ‘Cytoskeleton’?

A

Maintain cell shape - support structure - Directs cell movement

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9
Q

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments - 6nm thick – Smallest
  2. Intermediate fibers - 8-10nm thick
  3. Microtubules - 25nm thick
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10
Q

List the properties of ‘Microfilaments’?

A

-Its the smallest - 6nm thick
-Made of actin protein
-forms terminal web

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11
Q

List the properties of ‘Intermediate filaments’?

A
  • 8 to 10nm thick
    -made of Keratin
  • Gives cell shape, resist stress
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12
Q

List the properties of ‘Microtubules’?

A
  • The biggest - 25nm thick
  • Made of protein tubulin
  • Support cell structure
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13
Q

What are Organelles?

A

Internal structure of a cell - have specific task

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14
Q

Name the two types of Organelles?

A
  1. Membranous Organelles
  2. Nonmembranous Organelles
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15
Q

List 3 Membranous Organelles?

A

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi complex

Lysosomes, Peroxisomes and Endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

List 3 Nonmembranous Organelles?
(R-C-C)

A

R-C-C
Ribosomes, Centrosomes, Centrioles

17
Q

What is the ‘Nucleus’?

A

Controles protein production - The largest Organelle

-Contains DNA and protein

18
Q

What is the ‘Nucleoplasm’?

A

Substance inside the Nucleus
- Maintains shape of the Nucleus

Contains:
-Chromatin - (Thread like) composed of DNA an protein
-Nucleoli - Masses where Ribosomes are produced

19
Q

Whast is the ‘Endoplasmic Reticulum’?

A

Stores Calcium, protein synthesis, produce lipid and protein

20
Q

Name the 2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  1. Rough ER
  2. Smooth ER

Both are attached but have seperate functions

21
Q

What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum and its functions? (RER)

A

Flat sacs covered with RIBOSOMES - Produce protien and phospholipids

  • Synthesizes proteins packages in other organelles
22
Q

What is the function of the ‘Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum’ (SER)?

A

Smooth flat sac that doesn’t have ribosomes attached to it

-Synthesizes steriods and other lipids
-Calcium storage
-Detox alcohol and drugs

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Both SER and RER are apart of the same network but they have seperate functions?

A

TRUE

24
Q
  1. What are ‘Ribosomes’?
  2. What are the functions of Ribosomes?
A

Particles made of protein and RNA.

Location: Surface of rough ER

  1. Function:
    -The site of protein synthesis

-Reads mRNA code, then uses code to assemble amino acids into protein

25
Q

What is ‘Golgi Complex’?

A

System that packages protein into membrane-bound ‘Golgi vesicle’.

26
Q
  1. What is ‘Lysosomes’?
  2. What are the functions of Lysosomes?
A

Package of enzymes - Digestive system of the cell

  1. Functions:
    - Digest only organelle OR whole cell
27
Q

Name the two main types of Lysosomes functions?

A
  1. Autophagy – Digestion of organelles
  2. Autolysis – Digestion of whole cell by itself(cell suicide)
28
Q

What is ‘Peroxisomes’ and its main function?

A

enzymes oxidize fatty acids

-Breaks down fatty acids
-Detox alcohol and drug

29
Q

What are ‘Proteosomes’?

what is the function of proteosomes?

Where are proteosomes located?

A

Breaks down unwanted protein

Function:
Break down protein into amino acids

Location:
Huge amount in; Liver & Kidney

30
Q

What is “Mitochondria”?

Functions of mitochondria?

A

Power house of cell – Makes (ATP) energy for cell

Function: Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria

Has double membrane:
1.Inner membrane - Cristae
2.Outter membrane- Matrix

31
Q

What is ‘Centrioles’?

what is its function?

A

Made of nine microtubules (nine groups of 3)

Function: Helps with cell division
(in mitosis - Cause chromatins to move in opposite directions)

32
Q

Define cilia?

It’s function and location?

A

Hair-like structure

Function:
-Remove debris/fluid, Sensory

Location: Epithelial cell of:
-lung
-Trachea
-Small Intestine

1st Lab Exam (6 decks)

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