lab 3: phylogenetic part 2 Flashcards
three domains?
bacteria: no nucleus
archaea: no nucleus, live in harsh conditions, different cell wall (no peptidoglycan) eukarya: have a nucleus
3 morphological shapes of bacteria?
spirillium (spiral), coccus (spherical), rod-shaped
Horizontal gene transfer, why is it difficult to determine the phylogeny of single celled organisms
transfer of genes between unrelated species. it complicates the roots of the tree, making it difficult to determine where certain genes originated from
features of domain bacteria
unicellular, no nuclei, cell wall of peptidoglycan, microscopic, plasma membrane
aerobic v. anaerobic v facultative aeriboic
aerobic = oxygen, anaerobic= no. oxygen, facultative = both but prefer oxygen
Why are cyanobacteria ecologically important
drove the oxygen revolution and are the world’s major oxygen source today
cyanobacteria vs. other baccteri
also known as blue green algae. they contain chlorophyll a that gives them that green blue pigment. most bacteria do not contain chlorophyll;
endosymbiosis theory? secondary endosymbiois
engulfment of one cell by another free living ornaim. product of primary endosymbiosis is engulfed and retained by another free living organisms
what do cyanobacteria look like?
small beads together, little circle. also look like nostoc or anabaena
what is akinete
type of bacterial cell that can resist harsh conditions by becoming dormant. they can resist drying out and are a survival mechanism
what is heterocyst
specialized cell that do nitrogen fixation : converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. it is the site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions
what differentiates cyanobacteria from others?
they have chlorophyll a which gives them their blue green pigment. other bacteria do not have chlorophyll
euglena?
Super group: Excavate. Eukaryotic domain. group: euglenozoans. belong to protists. have long whip flagella, chloroplasts, vacuole, eye spot. MIXOTROPIC
what are all of the super groups?
all protists. 6
1. excavata
2. chromalveolata
3. rhizaria
4. archaeplastida
5. amoebozoa
6. opisthokonta
ciliata
supergroup: SAR
domain: eukarya
group: alveolata
can’t photosyntehesize, may have 2 nuclei, use cilia to move
flagella, macronucleus, WATER VACUOLE TO REMOVE WATER, oral groove.
macronucles: metabolic functions
micronucleus: genetic repository and reproduction conjugation.
Diatoms/oomycetes
Domain: eukarya
supergroup: SAR
group: stramenopiles.
very diverse, water molds, potato famine, egg nuclei, cellulose cell wall, photosynthetic. move with flagella
radiolarians foraminiferans
supergroup: SAR radiolarians
group: rhizaria
shell made of silica
move with filamentous pseudopodia. neon purple color. look super cool
squishy slime
Domain: Eukarya
Supergroup: unikonta
group: amoebazoans
subgroup: opishtokonts
no cell wall, large, tubular pseudopodia.
Chlaymydomonas
SupergroupL archaeplastida
group: archaea, chlorophyll charophyte
UNICELLULAR. binary fission to reproduce
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