lab 3: phylogenetic part 2

Question 1

three domains?

Answer 1

bacteria: no nucleus
archaea: no nucleus, live in harsh conditions, different cell wall (no peptidoglycan) eukarya: have a nucleus

Question 2

3 morphological shapes of bacteria?

Answer 2

spirillium (spiral), coccus (spherical), rod-shaped

Question 3

Horizontal gene transfer, why is it difficult to determine the phylogeny of single celled organisms

Answer 3

transfer of genes between unrelated species. it complicates the roots of the tree, making it difficult to determine where certain genes originated from

Question 4

features of domain bacteria

Answer 4

unicellular, no nuclei, cell wall of peptidoglycan, microscopic, plasma membrane

Question 5

aerobic v. anaerobic v facultative aeriboic

Answer 5

aerobic = oxygen, anaerobic= no. oxygen, facultative = both but prefer oxygen

Question 6

Why are cyanobacteria ecologically important

Answer 6

drove the oxygen revolution and are the world’s major oxygen source today

Question 7

cyanobacteria vs. other baccteri

Answer 7

also known as blue green algae. they contain chlorophyll a that gives them that green blue pigment. most bacteria do not contain chlorophyll;

Question 8

endosymbiosis theory? secondary endosymbiois

Answer 8

engulfment of one cell by another free living ornaim. product of primary endosymbiosis is engulfed and retained by another free living organisms

Question 9

what do cyanobacteria look like?

Answer 9

small beads together, little circle. also look like nostoc or anabaena

Question 10

what is akinete

Answer 10

type of bacterial cell that can resist harsh conditions by becoming dormant. they can resist drying out and are a survival mechanism

Question 11

what is heterocyst

Answer 11

specialized cell that do nitrogen fixation : converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. it is the site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions

Question 12

what differentiates cyanobacteria from others?

Answer 12

they have chlorophyll a which gives them their blue green pigment. other bacteria do not have chlorophyll

Question 13

euglena?

Answer 13

Super group: Excavate. Eukaryotic domain. group: euglenozoans. belong to protists. have long whip flagella, chloroplasts, vacuole, eye spot. MIXOTROPIC

Question 14

what are all of the super groups?

Answer 14

all protists. 6
1. excavata
2. chromalveolata
3. rhizaria
4. archaeplastida
5. amoebozoa
6. opisthokonta

Question 15

ciliata

Answer 15

supergroup: SAR
domain: eukarya
group: alveolata
can’t photosyntehesize, may have 2 nuclei, use cilia to move
flagella, macronucleus, WATER VACUOLE TO REMOVE WATER, oral groove.
macronucles: metabolic functions
micronucleus: genetic repository and reproduction conjugation.

Question 16

Diatoms/oomycetes

Answer 16

Domain: eukarya
supergroup: SAR
group: stramenopiles.
very diverse, water molds, potato famine, egg nuclei, cellulose cell wall, photosynthetic. move with flagella

Question 17

radiolarians foraminiferans

Answer 17

supergroup: SAR radiolarians
group: rhizaria
shell made of silica
move with filamentous pseudopodia. neon purple color. look super cool

Question 18

squishy slime

Answer 18

Domain: Eukarya
Supergroup: unikonta
group: amoebazoans
subgroup: opishtokonts
no cell wall, large, tubular pseudopodia.

Question 19

Chlaymydomonas

Answer 19

SupergroupL archaeplastida
group: archaea, chlorophyll charophyte
UNICELLULAR. binary fission to reproduce

Question 20

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