lab 3: phylogenetic part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

three domains?

A

bacteria: no nucleus
archaea: no nucleus, live in harsh conditions, different cell wall (no peptidoglycan) eukarya: have a nucleus

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2
Q

3 morphological shapes of bacteria?

A

spirillium (spiral), coccus (spherical), rod-shaped

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3
Q

Horizontal gene transfer, why is it difficult to determine the phylogeny of single celled organisms

A

transfer of genes between unrelated species. it complicates the roots of the tree, making it difficult to determine where certain genes originated from

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4
Q

features of domain bacteria

A

unicellular, no nuclei, cell wall of peptidoglycan, microscopic, plasma membrane

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5
Q

aerobic v. anaerobic v facultative aeriboic

A

aerobic = oxygen, anaerobic= no. oxygen, facultative = both but prefer oxygen

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6
Q

Why are cyanobacteria ecologically important

A

drove the oxygen revolution and are the world’s major oxygen source today

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7
Q

cyanobacteria vs. other baccteri

A

also known as blue green algae. they contain chlorophyll a that gives them that green blue pigment. most bacteria do not contain chlorophyll;

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8
Q

endosymbiosis theory? secondary endosymbiois

A

engulfment of one cell by another free living ornaim. product of primary endosymbiosis is engulfed and retained by another free living organisms

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9
Q

what do cyanobacteria look like?

A

small beads together, little circle. also look like nostoc or anabaena

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10
Q

what is akinete

A

type of bacterial cell that can resist harsh conditions by becoming dormant. they can resist drying out and are a survival mechanism

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11
Q

what is heterocyst

A

specialized cell that do nitrogen fixation : converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. it is the site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions

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12
Q

what differentiates cyanobacteria from others?

A

they have chlorophyll a which gives them their blue green pigment. other bacteria do not have chlorophyll

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13
Q

euglena?

A

Super group: Excavate. Eukaryotic domain. group: euglenozoans. belong to protists. have long whip flagella, chloroplasts, vacuole, eye spot. MIXOTROPIC

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14
Q

what are all of the super groups?

A

all protists. 6
1. excavata
2. chromalveolata
3. rhizaria
4. archaeplastida
5. amoebozoa
6. opisthokonta

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15
Q

ciliata

A

supergroup: SAR
domain: eukarya
group: alveolata
can’t photosyntehesize, may have 2 nuclei, use cilia to move
flagella, macronucleus, WATER VACUOLE TO REMOVE WATER, oral groove.
macronucles: metabolic functions
micronucleus: genetic repository and reproduction conjugation.

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16
Q

Diatoms/oomycetes

A

Domain: eukarya
supergroup: SAR
group: stramenopiles.
very diverse, water molds, potato famine, egg nuclei, cellulose cell wall, photosynthetic. move with flagella

17
Q

radiolarians foraminiferans

A

supergroup: SAR radiolarians
group: rhizaria
shell made of silica
move with filamentous pseudopodia. neon purple color. look super cool

18
Q

squishy slime

A

Domain: Eukarya
Supergroup: unikonta
group: amoebazoans
subgroup: opishtokonts
no cell wall, large, tubular pseudopodia.

19
Q

Chlaymydomonas

A

SupergroupL archaeplastida
group: archaea, chlorophyll charophyte
UNICELLULAR. binary fission to reproduce

20
Q

.

A