Ch 20 part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

origin of first cells

A

Earth was hot, mostly ocean with volcanic gases and LOW O2

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2
Q

Earliest evidence of life

A

oldest cell fossils of prokaryotes in stromatolite formations (layers of rock, specifically cyanobacteria)

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3
Q

What does a new group/taxon begin with

A

1 ancestral species that arose through speciation, more microevolution, and more speciation/extinction

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4
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

rapid increase in number of species due to great ecological and morphological diversity and new ecological niches, descend from ONE ancestor species. the ancestor species is isolated, acquires a new adaptation, and expands form there to create many species

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5
Q

Exaptation

A

an adaptation that performs differently from its original function, ex. hair (insulation) to procupine quills (defense). Change in function, THEN form

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6
Q

function of developmental genes

A

control development of multicellular organisms

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7
Q

many developmental genes are

A

regulatory genes, which control the expression of 1+ genes

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8
Q

how do dramatic changes in final form happen

A

mutation–> affects gene expression –> changes in final form

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9
Q

heterochrony

A

changes in timing of development results in evolutionary change, also called allometric growth, due to mutation in developmental gene

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10
Q

homeotic genes (hox)

A

are responsible for the development of body structures. a mutation in a homeotic gene can cause body structures to develop in the wrong area. this can be linked to changes in form

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11
Q

relative dating

A

compares positions of strata (rock layers) to approximate date/sequence of structures

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12
Q

absolute dating

A

numerical age of fossils: two types, radiometric dating (decay rate of isotopes) and half time (time for half isotope to decay)

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13
Q

geologic time scale

A

hadean, arcane, proterozoic

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14
Q

Hadeon Eon

A

planet formed, molten rock surface, no liquid water

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15
Q

archaean eon

A

crust cooled, solidified, condensed water formed global ocean, volcanoes created first land, low O2, first life (prokaryotic cells), oxygen revolution, O2 rich atmosphere

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16
Q

proterozoic eon

A

continents form as island merge, created areas of shallow seas, eukaryotic life began, first multicellular life

17
Q

Phanerozoic Eon

A

Paleozoic eon cambrian explosion of animal diversity, fishes, seedless plants, fungi, and arthropods invade land, vertebrates, amphibians, amniotes (shelled eggs), continental drift leads to Pangea, ends with permian mass extinction

18
Q

mesozoic era

A

dinosaurs and reptiles, cone bearing seed plants, first mammals and birds, breakup of Pangaea, cretaceous mass extinction

19
Q

cenozoic era

A

major divesritation of mammals, flowering plants, insects, birds, fist humans

20
Q
A