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Biology > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Know how to do the blood type problems

A

Dominant:A, B, AB

Recessive O

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2
Q

If a person failed a color-blind test they are most likely

A

Male

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3
Q

Dominant

A

At least one parent is affected and multiple children are affected

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4
Q

Recessive

A

Neither parent is affected but at least one child is affected

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5
Q

X-linked

A

Occurs in mainly males and skips generations

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6
Q

Know which chromosomes are autosomes

A

Autosomes are numbered chromosomes

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7
Q

Which chromosomes are sex chromosomes

A

XX and XY

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8
Q

Down’s

A

Extra 21 chromosome

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9
Q

Turner

A

Female, with only one X chromosome

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10
Q

Klinefelter

A

Male, extra X chromosome

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11
Q

Jacob

A

Male, extra Y chromosome

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12
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Black pentagon

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13
Q

Ribose

A

Purple pentagon

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14
Q

Phosphate

A

White tube connecting

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15
Q

Adenine

A

Orange

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16
Q

Cytosine

A

Blue

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17
Q

Guanine

A

Yellow

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18
Q

Thymine

A

Green

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19
Q

Ribosome

A

Space ship

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20
Q

DNA

A

Black deoxyribose between white phosphates with bases A-T, G-C

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21
Q

m-RNA

A

Purple ribose between the white phosphates with bases A-U, G-C

22
Q

What molecule is produced by DNA replication?

A

DNA

23
Q

What are triplet codes?

Why is it called a triplet code?

A

3 bases on the DNA, because they are read in threes

24
Q

What molecule is produced by transcription?

A

mRNA

25
Q

What molecule is produced by translation?

A

Polypeptides/proteins

26
Q

Which type of RNA possesses codons?

A

mRNA

27
Q

Which type of RNA possesses anticodons?

A

tRNA

28
Q

What was the purpose of adding SDS?

A

Breaks down the cell and nuclear membrane, releasing DNA

29
Q

What was the purpose of adding 95% ethanol?

A

To precipitate the DNA

30
Q

Name the two ways the molecules are being separated

A

Charge and size

31
Q

Transformation

A

Making amino acids that will make proteins

32
Q

Place Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras in chronological order and translate

A

Ancient- Paleozoic era
Middle - Mesozoic era
Recent - Cenozoic era

33
Q

Homologous

A

Similar structures in different organisms

34
Q

Analogous

A

Different structures in different organisms

35
Q

Why are there differences in Chimpanzee and human postures?

A

Difference in curvature of spine because they walk on their knuckles, differences are due to locomotion

36
Q

Why are there differences between the human and chimpanzee facial features?

A

Diet, brain size, and locomotion

37
Q

What are the characteristics all embryos have in common?

A

Tail, sumites, pharyngeal pouches

38
Q

Comparing pig and chick embryo, which one is more similar to human and why?

A

Pig, mammals

39
Q

What are the same basic biochemical molecules all living organisms share?

A

DNA, ATP, 20 amino acids, and enzymes

40
Q

Wells containing serum. Which is closest to human?

A

Cloudiest is most similar to human

41
Q

What are the three main evidences that support evolution?

A

Fossil evidence, biochemical evidence, and comparative anatomy

42
Q

What is the purpose of the Hardy-Weinberg Law?

A

To tell if a population is evolving, enables us to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies

43
Q

What is the equation dealing with genotypic frequencies?

A

P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

44
Q

Frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype

A

p^2

45
Q

Frequency of the heterozygous genotype

A

2pq

46
Q

Frequency of the recessive genotype

A

q^2

47
Q

What is the equation dealing with allele frequencies?

A

p + q = 1

48
Q

Frequency of dominant allele

A

p

49
Q

Frequency of recessive allele

A

q

50
Q

Bottleneck effect

A

Catastrophe or predation that kills off part of a population

51
Q

Founder effect

A

Small group of a population that left voluntarily or got separated from the original population

Biology (10 decks)

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