Chapter 11 - Meiosis

Question 1

Meiosis in Sexual Reproduction

There are two different types of reproduction

Answer 1

1. Asexual reproduction uses the process of mitosis to create new cells.
2. Sexual reproduction involves the use of sex cells called gametes.
   Gametes used during animal sexual reproduction are the sperm and egg cells.

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

A specialized process of cell division that produces gametes.
Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes.
If somatic cells have 20 chromosomes, then sex cells will have 10 chromosomes.

Question 3

Prophase 1

Answer 3

Each homologous pair synapses (joins together to form a tetrad.
The non-sister chromatids in the tetras may go through a crossing over

Question 4

Meiosis vs mitosis

Answer 4

Meiosis
1. Sexual reproduction, two cell divisions, four haploid daughter cells, not genetically identical, has tetrads and crossing over.
Mitosis
1. Asexual reproduction, growth, and repairs. One cell division, two diploid daughter cells, genetically identical, does not have retreads and crossing over.

Question 5

1. Crossing over

Answer 5

Occurs during Prophase 1.

If the genes are different versions, after crossing over there will be different combinations of traits.

Question 6

2. Independent assortment

Answer 6

Occurs during metaphase 1.

When tetrads are lined up at the metaphase plate, it is random which side of the plate the sister chromatids ends up on.

Question 7

Random fertilization

Answer 7

In sexual reproduction

Question 8

Nondisjunction

Answer 8

Abnormal separation of chromosomes. Gametes end up with the wrong number of chromosomes.