Chapter 17 - Bacterial And Viral Genetics

Question 1

1.Resistance plasmids (R factors)

Answer 1

Confer resistance against antibiotics and other types of toxins

Question 2

Degradative plasmids

Answer 2

Enable the bacterium to digest and utilize an unusual substance

Question 3

3. Col-plasmids

Answer 3

Encode colicines, which are proteins that kill other bacteria

Question 4

4. Virulence plasmids

Answer 4

Turn bacterium into a pathogenic strain

Question 5

5. Fertility plasmids (F factors)

Answer 5

Allow bacteria to mate

Question 6

Genetic diversity in bacteria

1. Conjugation

Answer 6

A direct physical transfer of the genetic material from donor to recipient cell

Question 7

2. Transformation

Answer 7

Occurs when DNA that has been released from a dead bacterium into the environment is taken in by another bacterium

Question 8

3. Transduction

Answer 8

A virus transfers genetic information from one bacterium to another

Question 9

Very easy to vaccinate against

Answer 9

DNA viruses

Question 10

Hard to vaccinate against

Answer 10

RNA viruses due to frequent mutation

Question 11

New viruses emerge in one of three ways

Answer 11

1. Mutation
2. Spread of existing virus from one host species to another
3. Spread from an isolated population

Question 12

Viroids

Answer 12

Lack capsids

Are plant pathogens that consist of a single-stranded RNA

Question 13

Prions

Answer 13

Animal pathogens that consist of proteins