Lab 2: Evaluation of Musculoskeletal strength and performance

Question 1

Muscle Actions? Differences between these actions?

Answer 1

Dynamic, Static and Isokinetic

Dynamic involves in motions around one or more joints while static has no motion around the joint

Question 2

What are characteristics of static contraction? Examples

Answer 2

No motion around the joint
No changes in muscle lengths
Velocity is zero
Plank

Question 3

What are characteristics of dynamic contraction?

Answer 3

Motion around one or more joints
Muscles shortening/Lengthening
Velocity is not zero

Question 4

What are the muscles contractions? What types of muscle actions they are part of?

Answer 4

Concentric/ Eccentric contractions

Any actions except static

Question 5

What is the other name for static action and dynamic ?

Answer 5

isometric

isotonic

Question 6

What is the characteristic of isokinetic action?

Answer 6

constant speed of muscle length

Question 7

What is the muscle strength?

Answer 7

the maximal amount of force that muscle fiber can generate at given range of motions and given speed

Question 8

What is the muscle strength dependent on?

Answer 8

Muscle mass
Volume
Cross-sectional area

Question 9

length-tension (force-length) relationship

Answer 9

the muscle fibers general maximal force at optimal (intermediate) length rather than long/short length

Question 10

What affect the force of concentric contraction?

Answer 10

the velocity

Question 11

What affect the force of eccentric contraction?

Answer 11

not the velocity but the rapidity of eccentric action

Question 12

what are the tests for maximal strength?

Answer 12

1RM: maximal weight that can be lifted once

indirect 1RM: # of reps for given weight

Question 13

Muscle fiber types?

Answer 13

Slow oxidative muscle fiber

fast oxidative muscle fiber (fast glycolytic and fast oxidative glycolytic)

Question 14

characteristics of SO fiber

Answer 14

high oxidative capacity, high mitochondria, hemoglobin, capillaries, energy from aerobic metabolism allow endurance/long work

Question 15

characteristics of FOG fiber

Answer 15

also high oxidative capacity such as SO but allow fast velocity twitch

Question 16

characteristics of FG (fast glycolytic)

Answer 16

opposite of slow oxidative fiber (energy from anaerobic)

Question 17

measurement device for handgrip test

Answer 17

hand dynanometer

Question 18

What does the hand-grip test measure?

Answer 18

isometric strength of forearm flexor

overall body strength

Question 19

Isotonic contraction

Answer 19

the contraction of muscles at constant load

Question 20

What is the difference between muscle contraction and muscle shortening/lengthening

Answer 20

muscle contraction is the use of muscles to do force

muscle shortening/lengthening is due to the muscle fiber changes in length