Anaerobic Metabolism

Question 0

What does HLa value depend on?

Answer 0

Production
Removal
Turnover of HLa

Question 1

Where does lactic acid occur? How?

Answer 1

In skeletal muscle

When NADH + H is oxidized to NAD by transfering H ion to pyruvic acid.

Question 2

What do amount of HLa produced depend on?

Answer 2

Relative rates of glycolytic (muscle contraction)

Oxidative activity (enzyme activity)

Question 3

How does muscle contraction affect amount of HLa produced?

Answer 3

Ca2+ release causes glycogenolysis via glycogen phosphorylase activation

Question 4

How does enzyme activity cause HLa?

Answer 4

Increase activity of LDH leads to the production of HLa from pyruvate in exercising skeletal muscle

Question 5

How does muscle fiber type affect to production of HLa?

Answer 5

Due to isoenzyme 4&5 and low mitochondria density

Question 6

How does system nervous system produce HLa?

Answer 6

Heavy exercise increase epinephrine and glucagon, supress insulin, stimulating glycogenolysis -> increase pyruvate

Question 7

How does insufficien oxygen produce HLa?

Answer 7

High intensity short duration leads to glycolysis rapid, extra H+ transferred to pyruvic acid and form HLa

Question 8

How does clearance of lactate happen?

Answer 8

Oxidation (50-70%)
Glycogenesis (10-25)
Transamination

Question 9

How does HLa get transported out and into tissues via?

Answer 9

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1-14)

Question 10

Can muscle cells produce and consume HLa at the same time?

Answer 10

Yes. Btw cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 11

In heavy exercise, what fuel does the Heart prefer?

Answer 11

hLa

Question 12

How does hLa reconverted to glucose in blood?

Answer 12

Via GNG (gluconeogenesis) in the liver

Question 13

Why is slow oxygen delivered to mitochondria insufficient?

Answer 13

Bcs enzyme supported for aerobic oxidation is attenuated

Eg: cytochrome oxidase

Question 14

What are two types of HLa shuttles?

Answer 14

Extracellular

Intracellular

Question 15

Where does lactate get clearace?

Answer 15

Muscle and blood

Question 16

What is extracellular clearance of lactase?

Answer 16

Lactate got removed from blood circulation rather than inside the cell

Question 17

How does lactate in skeletal muscle got cleared?

Answer 17

Monocarboxylate transporters transport lactate out of muscle fibers into blood circulation

Question 18

How else HLa goes clearance?

Answer 18

Skin excretion

Question 19

What is intracellular HLa shuttle?

Answer 19

Lactate is transfer from cytoplasm into slow oxidative mitochondria via monocarboxylare transporter.

Question 20

What happen to lactate inside the mitochondria?

Answer 20

Lactate is reduced to pyruvate, which will be used for energy

Question 21

How to measure anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 21

Atp-pc and lactate

Question 22

Where to measure anaerobic metabolism in atp-pc? Where in lactate?

Answer 22

In muscle. Difficult to measure

Blood

Question 23

During exercise, how many minute to equilibrate btw muscle and blood hla lvls?

Answer 23

5-10 minutes

Question 24

Prior excercise, how is muscle Hla compared to blood HLa?

Answer 24

Higher

Question 25

What is property for atp-pc energy system?

Answer 25

High power low capacity | Energy output 72kcal/min sustain for 9-10 sec

Question 26

What is property for anaerobic glycolysis energy system?

Answer 26

Equal power equal capacity | 36kcal in 1 min 20s

Question 27

Property for aerobic energy sstem?

Answer 27

Low power, high capacity | 9cal/min sustain more than 2hrs

Question 28

Tests for anaerobic power and capacity?

Answer 28

Wingate test Margaria-kalamen stair climb Field test

Question 29

What is EPOC?

Answer 29

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - oxygen consumption during recovery is above normal resting value

Question 30

During the exercise, how te energy is supplied?

Answer 30

Oxygen transport and utilization Utilization of oxygen stores in capillary blood and myoglobin Splitting of stored atp-pc Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 31

What is steady state?

Answer 31

If intensity is low enough, oxygen supply will equal demand

Question 32

How much time for 50% atp-pc restored? Full restore

Answer 32

30 seconds | 2 minutes

Question 33

How many percent of epoc to restore oxygen stores?

Answer 33

2-3%

Question 34

How many % to recover HR and breathing rate?

Answer 34

1-2%

Question 35

What are the causes of epoc?

Answer 35

``` Restoration of o oxygen Restoration of atp-pc Elevated cardio-vascular respiratory function Elevated hormone Elevated body temperature Lactate removal ```

Question 36

What are the most important cause of epoc?

Answer 36

Elevated body temperature. Each celcius = 13-15% increase metabolism

Question 37

How many % of epoc does elevated body temp tak3?

Answer 37

60-80%

Question 38

What is the minimal contributor to epoc?

Answer 38

Lactate removal

Question 39

In short distance, what energy dominate? What is its hLa lvls?

Answer 39

Anaerobic and high

Question 40

In long distance, what energy dominate? What is it hLa?

Answer 40

Aerobic less Hla

Question 41

How is H+ a problematic?

Answer 41

h+ accumulation stimulate pain via nerve endings in skeletal muscle

Question 42

How does H+ decrease performance?

Answer 42

Metabolic fatigue - reduce atp production due to enzyme change Change in muscle membrane transport Glycogen breakdown slowed by inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase via H+, PC breakdown high limit atp production

Question 43

How does lactic acid cause muscle fatigue?

Answer 43

Interferece of H+ with uptake of Ca necessay for excitation-contraction couplig and relax of cross bridge in muscle fibers