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Exercise Physiology > Anaerobic Metabolism > Flashcards

Anaerobic Metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

What does HLa value depend on?

A

Production
Removal
Turnover of HLa

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1
Q

Where does lactic acid occur? How?

A

In skeletal muscle

When NADH + H is oxidized to NAD by transfering H ion to pyruvic acid.

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2
Q

What do amount of HLa produced depend on?

A

Relative rates of glycolytic (muscle contraction)

Oxidative activity (enzyme activity)

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3
Q

How does muscle contraction affect amount of HLa produced?

A

Ca2+ release causes glycogenolysis via glycogen phosphorylase activation

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4
Q

How does enzyme activity cause HLa?

A

Increase activity of LDH leads to the production of HLa from pyruvate in exercising skeletal muscle

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5
Q

How does muscle fiber type affect to production of HLa?

A

Due to isoenzyme 4&5 and low mitochondria density

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6
Q

How does system nervous system produce HLa?

A

Heavy exercise increase epinephrine and glucagon, supress insulin, stimulating glycogenolysis -> increase pyruvate

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7
Q

How does insufficien oxygen produce HLa?

A

High intensity short duration leads to glycolysis rapid, extra H+ transferred to pyruvic acid and form HLa

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8
Q

How does clearance of lactate happen?

A

Oxidation (50-70%)
Glycogenesis (10-25)
Transamination

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9
Q

How does HLa get transported out and into tissues via?

A

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1-14)

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10
Q

Can muscle cells produce and consume HLa at the same time?

A

Yes. Btw cytoplasm and mitochondria

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11
Q

In heavy exercise, what fuel does the Heart prefer?

A

hLa

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12
Q

How does hLa reconverted to glucose in blood?

A

Via GNG (gluconeogenesis) in the liver

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13
Q

Why is slow oxygen delivered to mitochondria insufficient?

A

Bcs enzyme supported for aerobic oxidation is attenuated

Eg: cytochrome oxidase

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14
Q

What are two types of HLa shuttles?

A

Extracellular

Intracellular

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15
Q

Where does lactate get clearace?

A

Muscle and blood

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16
Q

What is extracellular clearance of lactase?

A

Lactate got removed from blood circulation rather than inside the cell

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17
Q

How does lactate in skeletal muscle got cleared?

A

Monocarboxylate transporters transport lactate out of muscle fibers into blood circulation

18
Q

How else HLa goes clearance?

A

Skin excretion

19
Q

What is intracellular HLa shuttle?

A

Lactate is transfer from cytoplasm into slow oxidative mitochondria via monocarboxylare transporter.

20
Q

What happen to lactate inside the mitochondria?

A

Lactate is reduced to pyruvate, which will be used for energy

21
Q

How to measure anaerobic metabolism?

A

Atp-pc and lactate

22
Q

Where to measure anaerobic metabolism in atp-pc? Where in lactate?

A

In muscle. Difficult to measure

Blood

23
Q

During exercise, how many minute to equilibrate btw muscle and blood hla lvls?

A

5-10 minutes

24
Q

Prior excercise, how is muscle Hla compared to blood HLa?

A

Higher

25
Q

What is property for atp-pc energy system?

A

High power low capacity

Energy output 72kcal/min sustain for 9-10 sec

26
Q

What is property for anaerobic glycolysis energy system?

A

Equal power equal capacity

36kcal in 1 min 20s

27
Q

Property for aerobic energy sstem?

A

Low power, high capacity

9cal/min sustain more than 2hrs

28
Q

Tests for anaerobic power and capacity?

A

Wingate test
Margaria-kalamen stair climb
Field test

29
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - oxygen consumption during recovery is above normal resting value

30
Q

During the exercise, how te energy is supplied?

A

Oxygen transport and utilization
Utilization of oxygen stores in capillary blood and myoglobin
Splitting of stored atp-pc
Anaerobic glycolysis

31
Q

What is steady state?

A

If intensity is low enough, oxygen supply will equal demand

32
Q

How much time for 50% atp-pc restored? Full restore

A

30 seconds

2 minutes

33
Q

How many percent of epoc to restore oxygen stores?

A

2-3%

34
Q

How many % to recover HR and breathing rate?

A

1-2%

35
Q

What are the causes of epoc?

A 
Restoration of o oxygen
Restoration of atp-pc
Elevated cardio-vascular respiratory function
Elevated hormone
Elevated body temperature
Lactate removal
36
Q

What are the most important cause of epoc?

A

Elevated body temperature. Each celcius = 13-15% increase metabolism

37
Q

How many % of epoc does elevated body temp tak3?

A

60-80%

38
Q

What is the minimal contributor to epoc?

A

Lactate removal

39
Q

In short distance, what energy dominate? What is its hLa lvls?

A

Anaerobic and high

40
Q

In long distance, what energy dominate? What is it hLa?

A

Aerobic less Hla

41
Q

How is H+ a problematic?

A

h+ accumulation stimulate pain via nerve endings in skeletal muscle

42
Q

How does H+ decrease performance?

A

Metabolic fatigue - reduce atp production due to enzyme change

Change in muscle membrane transport

Glycogen breakdown slowed by inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase via H+, PC breakdown high limit atp production

43
Q

How does lactic acid cause muscle fatigue?

A

Interferece of H+ with uptake of Ca necessay for excitation-contraction couplig and relax of cross bridge in muscle fibers

Exercise Physiology (9 decks)

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