lab 2: 12 months-12 years Flashcards
pediatric age groups:
young toddler is __
12-18 months
pediatric client population:
older toddler is
24-36 months
pediatric client population:
preschooler is
3-5 years
pediatric client population: school aged
5-11 years
pediatric client population: adolescent
11-18 years
pediatric client population: young adult
18-21 years
pediatric client population: adults
22+
initial walking (after learning in first 3-6 months)
short steps
high guard
wide BOS
toes out (ER)
short SLS (32% cycle)
knee flexed in stance
immature walking at about 2 years old: should have what two things?
- reciprocal arm swing
- heel strike
*should be present by 18 months, if not at 2 years, may indicate pathological gait
when does mature walking occur?
7 years old
what age can child skip
6 years
what age can child jump rope
8 years old
what 3 milestones should child achieve in school age child (5-11 years)
- skipping at 6
- walking mature at 7
- jump rope at 8
at what age pincer grasp?
10 months
at what age palmar supinate grasp
12-15 months
at what age digital pronate grasp?
2-3 years
at what age quadrupod grasp and/or static tripod grasp?
3-4 years
at what age dynamic tripod grasp?
4-6 years
typical development of pencil grasp:
- pincer -10 mo
- palmar supinate 12-15 months
- digital pronate grasp: 2-3 years
- quadrupod grasp/static tripod grasp 3-4 years
- dynamic tripod grasp 4-6 years
at what age can you MMT a child?
8 years old
if child can heel or toe walk, what is the gross MMT grade?
3 or 3+ gross grade with bilateral DF/PF
young toddler (12-18 mo) can do:
- walk freely
- creep up stairs
- stoop to pick up objects
older toddler (18-35 mo) can:
begin to run (very coronal/sagittal)
creep backwards down stairs, climb stairs using railing
typical 2 year old can:
walk
run
climb up/down stairs
jump off bottom step
jump in place
kick ball
steer push toy
ride tricycle
typical 2.5 year old can:
-walk tiptoe
-jump w/ both feet in place
-jump forward
-stand on one foot
-walk upstairs w/ both feet on step
-throw/catch ball using whole body (arms/body)
at what age is a TRUE RUN
3 years old
typical 3 year old can:
-true run
-walk upstairs alternating
-ride tricycle w/ alternating feet
-jump over 2 inch object
-hop on one foot
-jump further
-stands on one foot longer
-walk down stairs alternating feet
what can a 3.5 year old do:
-can hop few steps on preferred leg
-kick a ball
-mount/dismount 3 wheel riding vehicle
what can typical 4 year old do:
-walk down stairs alternating feet
-GALLOP FORWARD
-jump forward 2 feet-feet together
-walk carrying object blocking view of floor
-rotation of body follows throw of ball
when can child gallop?
4 year old
what can typical 4.5 year old do?
-catch ball if prepared
-jump in air 2-3 inches
-lean forward when jumping from a height
what can a 5 year old do?
-STOP/CHANGE DIRECTIONS WHEN RUNNING
-hop 8-10 steps on 1 foot
-throw ball, hit target at 10 feet
-roller skate
-bike ride
in first 3-6 months after learning how to walk (1.5 ish years), what does initial walking look like?
LOB unpredictable
rigid, halting steps
short steps
-high guard
-flat foot contact
-WIDE BOS
-toe out
-brief single limb stance
-knee flexion stance
what does immature walking look like? around 2 yrs
-occasional LOB
-smoother, increased step length
-ARM SWING, HEEL STRIKE
-BOS within lateral dimensions of trunk
-less ER/toe out
-VERTICAL LIFT
greater knee flexion after foot strike, extend before toe off
mature walking looks like:
38% of gait cycle in single limb stance (32% at initial, 34% at immature)
relaxed elongated gait, 48 cm step length
what should be present by 18 months? Absence at 2 years may indicate pathological gait
- reciprocal arm swing
- heel strike
- greater knee flexion after foot strike, extension before toe off
children born prematurely (before 37 weeks) who have a PCA of ___ may be required to stay overnight after general anesthesia
PCA less than 55
PCA = __weeks at birth + __weeks since birth
what is considered extreme prematurity?
before 28 weeks
what is considered a “very low birth weight?”
less than 1500 g (3.3 lbs)
what are strong predictors of outcome?
gestational age and weight
