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becky: PEDIATRICS > lab 1: reflexes/positions 0-12 months > Flashcards

lab 1: reflexes/positions 0-12 months Flashcards

1
Q

first trimester is when ____

A

all major systems established
week 1-12

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2
Q

2nd trimester is when ___

A

week 13-26
body proportions grow to newborn proportions

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3
Q

third trimester is when ___

A

week 27-40
body weight 3x
body length 2x
body fat acumulates, for temp regulation

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4
Q

at __ weeks, lungs are developed

A

36 weeks

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5
Q

embryo is from

A

0-8 weeks

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6
Q

fetus is from __ to __

A

8 weeks to birth (40 weeks)

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7
Q

STORCH stands for

A

Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
OTHER (HIV, coxsackie virus, varicella-zoster)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes Simplex Virus

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8
Q

directional typical development

A
  1. cephalo-caudal
  2. prox to distal
  3. gross to fine motor
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9
Q

What is the Apgar score?

A

test performed by delivering medical team to assess infant
-delivered at 1 minute, 5 minute, 10 minutes after birth
-5 sections, scored 0-2
-based on total score of 1-10 (higher is better)

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10
Q

NEWBORN BODY:

A

38-42 weeks
1. big head, short LEs
2. kyphotic, horizontal ribs
3. excess DF, 30 flexion hip and knee contractures
4. PHYSIOLOGICAL FLEXION, no antigravity mm control

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11
Q

newborn: prone
UE
LE
Head

A

UE flexion held to body, fisted hands
LE flexion highly positioned pelvis
head turned to one side

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12
Q

newborn in supine

A

UE flexion
LE flexion, abduction, ER
head to one side
*no midline head

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13
Q

newborn: pull to sit

A

HEAD LAG
flexion (c curve spine)
flexed hips

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14
Q

newborn in sitting

A

head forward, no control and head bobbing
c-curve with flexion throughout spine
no anti gravity extension

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15
Q

newborn vision

A

easiest to fixate on moving object laterally and vertically (side to side, up and down)
*PREFER STRONG CONTRAST
best vision at 8-9 inches away

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16
Q

flexor withdrawal reflex:
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

appears: 28 weeks gestation
integrates: 1-2 months
stimulus: noxious stim to sole of foot
response: flexion withdrawal of leg

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17
Q

crossed extension reflex
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

appears: 28 weeks gest
integrates: inconsistent, about 1-2 months of age
stimulus: noxious stim to sole of foot
response: flexion of stimulated leg, extension of opposite leg w/ adduction

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18
Q

positive support/primary standing reflex
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

hold baby under arms/support head, touch feet to flat surface. extend 20-30 sec before collapsing

appears: 35 weeks gest
integrates: 1-2 months
stimulus: hold baby under arms/support head, touch feet to flat surface.
response: extends legs 20-30 sec before flexing then collapsing into sitting

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19
Q

support and stepping/automatic walking reflex
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

appears: 37 weeks gest
integrates: 3-4 months
stimulus/response: steps reciprocally when inclined forward
*REAPPEARS AT 10-15 MONTHS TO PREP FOR WALKING

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20
Q

when does stepping/automatic walking reflex reappear?

A

integrates 3-4 months
re-appears 10-15 months for walking!

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21
Q

rooting reflex
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

appears: 28 weeks gest
integrates: 3 months
stimulus: stroke cheek in supine
response: turns head/lips towards stimulus (rooting)

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22
Q

sucking reflex

A

appears: around 28 weeks gestation
integrates: by 3 months
stimulus: supine, bottle or knuckler
response: baby sucks symmetrically, strong

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23
Q

suck-swallow reflex
appears:
integrates:
stimulus:
response:

A

appears: 28-34 weeks
integrates: voluntary at 5 months
stimulus: bottle
response: rhythmic excursion of jaw

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24
Q

moro reflex

A

appears: 28 weeks
integrates: 3-5 months
stimulus: sudden change in head position in relation to trunk (extension)
response: STARTLE reflex -> crying
>flexion, abd of shoulders and ext elbows, then
> ext, add of shoulders and flexion of elbows

25
ATNR: asymmetric tonic neck reflex
FENCER appears: 20 weeks integrates: 4-5 mo stimulus: head rotation in supine response: arm and leg extension to face side, arm and leg flexion to back of head side
26
Palmar grasp reflex
appears: 28 weeks of gest integrates: by 4-7 months stimulus: supine, stroke palm/pressure to palm response: finger closure and clinging (traction on fingers tendon due to pressure at palm)
27
palmar grasp reflex is integrated typically by...
4-7 months, typically 6 MONTHS *weak reflex before 6 mo = maybe peripheral nerve injury (root, plexus, SC) or lasting after 7 mo = abnormality, usually present in SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY
28
persistent palmar grasp reflex in children beyond 7 months is usually in what population?
kids with spastic CP
29
what reflex can reappear in adulthood, indicating cortical lesion affecting medial or lateral frontal cortex? (ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke)
palmar grasp reflex
30
tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
appears: at birth, BEST SEEN AT 3 MONTHS integrates: by 6 months stimulus: neck extension --> everything extends, neck flexion, everything flexes response:
31
If TLR is not integrated,
-poor balance -poor posture -skinny/mm tone -visual problems (far and close) -spatial problems knowing where body is in space -maybe poor time management, understanding time (from youtube video)
32
Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
appears: 4-6 months integrates: 8-12 months *should be gone by 12 mo head flexion: arms flex, hips extend head extension: arms ext, hips flex
33
STNR kinda inhibits ___ to help baby with crawling/creeping and then later standing
TLR (integrates first, then STNR)
34
plantar grasp
appears: 28 weeks gest integrates: 9 months stimulus: pressure to sole of foot, just distal to met heads OR SUPPORTED STANDING response: toe flexion
35
galant reflex
appears: 28 weeks integrates: 3-6 months *def by 9 months stimulus: supported prone, stroke one side of lateral trunk/paraspinals response: lateral flexion towards stimulus
36
if galant reflex is not integrated by 9 months, what could happen?
problems later, like fidgeting, inability to sit still
37
involuntary motions that aid in the development of certain skills in babies.
primitive reflexes
38
If involuntary movements do not become controlled motor responses as child's CNS matures, what happens?
child will struggle with motor and cognitive skills
39
children retaining ___ and ____ reflexes had difficulty with motor skills such as running, cycling, throwing, or catching a ball.
TLR and ATNR
40
unintegrated ___ reflex: showed poor posture, poor eye-hand coordination, and focusing difficulties.
STNR
41
one month old prone
less UE flexion, less hip flexion, more APT ABLE TO LIFT HEAD BRIEFLY
42
one month supine
less UE flexion some reaching, hands fisted less LE flexion reciprocal, symmetric kicking head to one side, no flexion yet
43
one month old pull to sit
head lag in sitting, head bobbing, no trunk extension
44
in 2 month old: decreased ___ dominance increased ____ extension ____ by flexion
Decreased flexion dominance Increased extension Asymmetry: extension NOT balanced by flexion
45
2 month prone
less UE flexion, MORE ABDUCTION less LE flexion, pelvis closer to surface head 45 degree lift WB on elbows, elbows behind shoulders
46
2 month supine
more UE ER less HIP FABER more neck rotation (ATNR present)
47
2 month pull to sit
head lag head bob with intermittent head/neck extension no trunk extension
48
2 month standing
NO WB on LEs
49
What big thing happens at 3 months?
symmetry of neck flexors/extensors midline orientation hands together (body aware)
50
3 months prone
UE abduction, WB ON FOREARMS pelvis FLAT on surface head able to lift to 90 degrees
51
3 month old supine
head midline chin tuck hands together HEELS TOGETHER
52
when you tilt a child side to side in a vertical position, head will right. What month?
3 months
53
What will a 3 month old look like in standing?
accepts some weight on feet again knees stiff in extension
54
four month old in prone
scap adduction, trunk extension increased APT with lumbar extension
55
4 month old in supine
hands to knees, log roll to side lying more pelvic control, PPT head in midline
56
four month old pull to sit
*NO HEAD LAG
57
5 month old prone
swimming extended arm weight bearing WS on forearms w reaching, LE dissociation *may roll prone to supine
58
5 month supine
feet to hands and mouth, more pelvic control UE + LE dissociation
59

becky: PEDIATRICS (23 decks)

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