EXAM 3: Sensory Integration Flashcards
T or F: motor skills develop independently of sensory processing
F: integral part of human development, including motor
_% of children with CP showed very poor performance in body representation processing
_ and _ is impaired in children with CP
64% of children with CP
anticipatory control and spatial cognition
early identification of ___ is possible through assessment of motor skills
Autism
What populations have impaired sensory processing?
-autism
-Down Syndrome
-children with CP
-idiopathic toe walking
-Duchenne’s MD
The sensory system consists of _ areas working in a continuous feedback loop to regulate and make sense of sensory info to function
7 (8 including interoception)
The brain’s ability to organize sensory input for use in functional behaviors
sensory integration defined by Ayres
Founder of Sensory Integration and processing
Jean Ayres, OT
theory explained relationship between sensory integration and academic/motor learning
deficits lie in _, _, and _ to sensory information
perception (taking it in)
organization (total brain)
coordinated response (motor plan)
Sensory integration dysfunction is caused by __
neurological immaturity
or
differences in brain processing
definition
behavioral manifestation of
sensory processing which leads
to modulation and praxis.
sensory integration
(part we observe)
neurophysiologic term that reflects
the reception, modulation,
integration, and organization of
sensory stimuli, but not necessarily
the adaptive environmental
interaction that we observe.
sensory processing
‘‘difficulty detecting, modulating,
interpreting and/or responding to sensory experiences, which is severe enough to disrupt participation in daily life activities and routines and learning’’
sensory integration disorder
subtypes of sensory systems
- auditory
- visual
- gustatory
- olfactory
- somatosensory (proprioception and touch)
- vestibular
- interoceptive
subtypes of sensory processing disorder
- sensory modulation disorder (SMD)
- sensory based motor disorder (SBMD)
- sensory discrimination disorder (SDD)
sensory perceptions have connections with ___ and ___
emotion (limbic system) and ANS (autonomic)
*issues can cause poor emotional regulation, stress, anxiety, poor self esteem
sensory modulation disorder (SMD) includes what
- sensory over responsivity SOR
- sensory under responsivity SUR
- sensory seeking/craving SS
sensory based motor disorders include
- dyspraxia
- postural disorders
sensory discrimination disorder includes issues with:
- visual
- auditory
- tactile
- taste/smell
- position/movement
Information provided by joints and muscles
which keeps people oriented to body position in space. Both conscious (complex motor activity) and subconscious (basic postures).
proprioception
issues with proprioception/body awareness can result in:
- clumsiness
- difficulty w posture (leaning)
- too much or too little pressure
*crashers (sensory seeking)
*sensory avoidance (unable to predict other’s behavior)
Movement processing tells you whether the body is moving and in what direction.
vestibular
what reflex integrates vision and movement processing (body moving, what direction)
vestibulo-ocular reflex
Difficulties in processing vestibular info can result in…
- low mm tone (vestibular spinal tract)
- poor balance
- uncoordination
- toe walking
- decreased trunk rotation
- lack of visual scanning
- sedentary/avoidance
ability to discriminate touch
includes ability to conform to objects and pressure
tactile
*DCML
children with poor tactile discrimination can have difficulty with _ and avoid _
difficulty w/ fine motor (handwriting)
avoid certain textures of food, clothing, surfaces
hypersensitive to unexpected touch
The _ and the brain work in tandem to percieve and separate objects from background.
Works w/ _ to orient to
movement in the environment and maintain focus during our movement.
the eyes and brain
works with vestibular system
influences hand-eye coordination, visual spatial orientation, visual motor skills
*role in visual imagery and mental manipulation –> math
vision
*visual processing deficits = hard time with math
deficits in vision or visual processing can lead to difficulties with
- sunlight sensitivity
- visual attention
- stairs/playground equipment
The auditory system discriminates sounds in environment.
Connection with the _ system
limbic system
Our _ are DIRECTLY connected to the limbic system.
Children might avoid certain places/people due to associations with smell.
olfactory receptors
*hypersensitivity to tastes and smells create range of feeding difficulties
The perception of the state of the body
*any body state feeling, like pain, hunger, heartbeat,** constipation,** temperature, etc.
*cardiac babies
*respiratory BPD, etc.
interoception
*connection between anxiety and constipation
sensory modulation continuum:
failure to orient/lack of attention/shutdown or withdrawal
failure to orient
*limbic response subtle
sensory modulation continuum:
escalation, approach, avoidant, protective
fight or flight
flight or freeze
shutdown or withdrawal
over orientation
*either imploding or exploding due to overt limbic response
Is praxis = motor skill?
no
neural activity before motor execution: ideation and conceptualization
poor core strength and endurance
inefficient movement with poor balance and body awareness
postural disorder
Symptoms may include no internal motivation, poor bilateral coordination, poor ocular-motor ability, or “gravitational
insecurity.”
postural disorder
general movements are from __
in infants and neonates
*early movments ending 20 weeks post term play key role in laying down sensory cortex
then sensory takes over
CPGs (innate in brainstem)
Ayres sensory integration intervention does what?
- physical safety
- present** sensory opportunities**
- help child attain/maintain appropriate level of alertness
- just-right challenge: scaffolding
- ensure activities are successful
- support intrinsic motivation to PLAY
- establish therapeutic alliance
DIR/FLOOR time is what?
developmental
individualized
relationship based
- affect (emotionally) based
- child directed technique developed by Greenspan/Weider
- Use something in PT to be engaged –> interest led
- functional emotional developmental capacities
What are examples of sensory based interventions?
- therapeutic listening
- astronaut training (vestib/visual/auditory)
- interactive metronome
- compression garments
- brushing garments
- aquatic therapy
- hippo therapy
- dynavision
- infinity walk
what are therapeutic intervention ideas for PT treatment
- identify accurately the deficits
- provide integrated sensory experiences
(calm or heighten sensory system?)
-slow intro of experiences
-just right challenge
-address postural stability, strength, tone
how can you manage behavior according to identified deficits?
- engagement
- picture schedule
- structured session
- avoid sensory overload
What can you do to bring the activity to a cognitive level?
talk through motor activities esp directional and spatial terms
extremity coordination
rotation
cross midline
What are ways to incorporate sensory activities into functional gross motor skills?
weighted balls
visual tracking into strengthening exercises
incorporate vestibular, proprioceptive activities
