Lab 16 The Reproductive System and Embryo Development Flashcards
What is the reproductive role of the male?
To produce gametes (sperm cells/spermatozoa) and deliver them to the female reproductive tract
What temperature is needed for the production of sperm?
lower than 3*C (core body temp)
What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system? What do they secrete?
-Seminal Vesicles (paired)
-Prostate Gland
-Bulbourethral Glands (paired)
They secret semen/seminal fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation
What are the 3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue the penis?
- Elastic Connective tissue
- Smooth Muscle
- Vascular Channels
What is Spermatogenesis?
The process of sperm production in the seminiferous tubules.
At what age do males start producing sperm?
10-12
Define Spermatogonia.
Immature sperm cells located near the basement membrane.
Which cells secrete testosterone?
Interstitial cells and Leydig cells
What is the reproductive role of the female?
To produce gametes known as ova or eggs.
What are the sex hormones of the female?
Estrogen and Progesterone
Where does fertilization occur?
Oviduct (fallopian tube/uterine tube)
What are the 2 regions of the uterus?
Body and Cervix
What 3 layers make up the uterine wall?
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
What happens when fertilization does not occur?
The functional layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation while the basal layer remains to regenerate a new functional layer.
What structure secrets progesterone?
Corpus Luteum
Which hormones stimulate ovulation?
Pituitary Hormones
What is fertilization?
The fusion of ovum and sperm cells. (form zygote)
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
Cushions and protects the embryo from trauma and extreme temperature change.
What in placentation?
The forming of the placenta.
When must an egg be fertilized?
Within 12-24 hours after ovulation.
How long after deposition in the vagina can sperm still fertilize an egg?
Up to 48 hours.
How many sperm actually reach the oviducts after ejaculation?
Only about 2000/300 million
Which part of the blastocyst forms part of the placenta?
The trophoblast.
When does the blastocyst adhere to the uterine wall?
6-7 days after fertilization.
At how many weeks after fertilization is the blastocyst completely covered by the endometrium?
Around 2 weeks.
What does HCG stand for?
Human Chronic Gonadotropin
What is the pathway of sperm during fertilization?
1) Testes
2) Epididymis
3) Vas Deferens
4) Ejaculatory Duct
5) Urethra
6) Vagina
7) Cervix
8) Uterus
9) Ovi Duct (fertilization occurs here)
What does the ectoderm form within the embryo? (Blue)
Epidermis, glands, nervous system
Which germ layer gives rise to the epithelium lining, digestive system, and respiratory tract?
Endoderm (yellow)
Mesoderm gives rise to what structures? (Red)
Muscles, bone, blood, heart, kidneys
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
When the zygote embeds within the fallopian tube.
What is placenta previa?
When the placenta blocks the neck of the uterus.
How do false labour pains differ from actual labour pains?
False labour pains do not dilate the cervix.
