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A&P Lab Exam > Lab 11 The Special Senses > Flashcards

Lab 11 The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “white of the eye”?

A

Sclera

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2
Q

Is the cornea transparent?

A

Yes.

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3
Q

What fluid is found in the anterior portion of the eye?

A

Aqueous Humor

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4
Q

What is the function of aqueous humor?

A

To nourish the eye and maintain internal pressures.

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5
Q

Describe the 2 muscles involved with the iris.

A

Inner circular portion and outer radial smooth muscles arranged around the central opening (pupil)

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6
Q

What happens to the pupil in bright/dim light?

A

Bright: the muscles of the iris constrict causing the pupil to constrict allowing less light into the eye

Dim: the muscles of the iris contract dilating the pupil and allowing more light to enter the eye.

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7
Q

What controls the shape of the lens?

A

Cilliary Muscles

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8
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

To absorb excess light rays to prevent reflection and the scattering of light within the eyeball.

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9
Q

What forms the inner most layer of the eye?

A

The Retina

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10
Q

What fluid fills the posterior portion of the eye?

A

Vitreous Humor (body)

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11
Q

What are the photoreceptors involved in the eye?

A

Rods and Cones

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12
Q

What area contains no photoreceptors?

A

The optic disc.

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13
Q

What structure of the eye allows for sharpness of vision and why?

A

The forea centralis contains only cones allowing for high sharpness.

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14
Q

Describe Rods and Cones?

A

Rods: are stimulated by dimmer light and allow us to see in shades of black, white and grey.

Cones: are stimulated by bright light ad produce color vision (Red Blue Green)

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15
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

The build up of pressure within the eye which can cause damage to the optic nerve and can result in permanent vision loss.

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16
Q

What is a cataract?

A

Condition in which the lens of the eye becomes opaque.

17
Q

What is Accommodation?

A

At close range the eye must become more rounded or convex in shape in order to view objects at close range.

18
Q

How do Cilliary muscles and the suspensory ligaments aid in accommodation?

A

They support and allow for movement of the eye.

19
Q

What portion of the retina contains a large amount of cones but no rods?

A

Fovea Centralis

20
Q

Regarding the Snellen Test, explain what 20/30 vision means?

A

This means that the person can see at 20 feet what people with normal vision can see at 30 feet.

21
Q

Describe characteristics of an eye that has Hyperopia?

A

Eyeball is shorter, lens is flat.

22
Q

What can happen as a result of having a long shaped eye and long/rounded lens?

A

Myopia

23
Q

Where does the light refract during Myopia and Hyperopia?

A

Myopia (Near Sighted): focal point of light is in front of the retina, causing sight to be blurry far away

Hyperopia (Far Sighted): Focal point of light is behind the eye, causing sight to be blurry at far ranges

24
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

The cornea or lens has an irregular shape in surface curvature which can cause objects to appear clear in one axis and blurry in another.

25
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

Acts as a funnel for sound waves to travel into the ear

26
Q

What glands are located in the skin of the ear and what do they secrete?

A

Ceruminous glands; ear wax.

27
Q

What is the function of ear wax?

A

To lubricate the ear canal, clean the external auditory canal, keep out bacteria.

28
Q

Which cranial bone is hollowed out for the middle ear?

A

Temporal Bone

29
Q

What are the 3 ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

30
Q

What do the ossicles function as?

A

Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transferred and magnified by the ossicles to cause vibrations at the oval window.

31
Q

What is the functions of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Controls pressure within the middle ear; making the air pressure equal within the ear equal to the air pressure outside the body.

32
Q

What 2 divisions are found in the internal ear?

A
  • Bony labyrinth

- membranous labyrinth

33
Q

What fluid is found in the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph fluid

34
Q

What 3 structures make up the bony labyrinth?

A

Cochlea, Vestibule, Semicircular canals

35
Q

Where are the receptors for hearing are located where?

A

Cochlear Duct

36
Q

What structure contain the receptors for equilibrium?

A

Saccule, Utricle, Semicircular ducts

37
Q

What is the receptor organ for hearing?

A

organ of Corti

38
Q

What is the pathway of sound waves from the auricle to the oval window?

A

Auricle, External Auditory Canal, Tympanic Membrane, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Oval Window

A&P Lab Exam (7 decks)

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