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A&P Lab Exam > Lab 14 Digestive System > Flashcards

Lab 14 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main components of the digestive system?

A
  • Digestive Tract

- Accessory Organs

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2
Q

What are all the accessory organs?

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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3
Q

What are the gums called?

A

Gingiva

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4
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

food manipulation, taste, speech

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5
Q

What is the process of teeth breaking down food?

A

Mastication

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6
Q

What are the function of inisors?

A

cutting and shearing foods

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7
Q

What type of tooth tears food with a single cusp?

A

Canine

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8
Q

How many cusps for premolars have?

A

2

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9
Q

What are the function of molars?

A

Grinding food into small pieces

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10
Q

How many teeth are in the average adults mouth?

A

32

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11
Q

How many teeth are in a child mouth with deciduous teeth?

A

20

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12
Q

What are the 2 principal parts of a tooth?

A

Crown: exposed portion of the tooth

Root: imbedded in the alveolus (bony socket) of the maxilla and mandible

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13
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands and where are they located?

A

1) Parotid Gland; largest, anterior to the ear
2) Submandibular Glands; inner surface of the mandible
3) Sublingual Gland; anterior and deep to the submandibular glands

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14
Q

What do the salivary glands secrete?

A

Saliva

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15
Q

What does saliva contain and how does it aid in digestion?

A

Enzyme: salivary amylase

- begins the digestion of carbohydrates

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16
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • Lubricating the mouth
  • Moisten food
  • Dissolve chemicals in food so they can be tasted
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17
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharnyx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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18
Q

Which 2 regions of the pharynx are involved in the digestive system?

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

19
Q

What structure closes of the larynx so foods and fluids do not enter the respiratory tract?

A

epiglottis

20
Q

Where does chemical digestion begin?

A

Stomach

21
Q

Where is chemical digestion completed in the body?

A

Small Intestine

22
Q

In order what are the 3 regions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

23
Q

Which region of the small intestine receives secretions from the pancreas, liver and gall bladder?

A

Duodenum

24
Q

Where does absorption of nutrients begin in the digestive tract ?

A

Small Intestine

25
Q

What is the major function of the large intestine?

A

Absorption of water from undigested food material

26
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs within the abdominal cavity?

A

Gall Bladder, Liver, Pancreas

27
Q

What is the digestive function of the liver?

A

To produce and secrete bile.

28
Q

What are the lobes of the liver called and what are their shape?

A

Hexagonal, lobules

29
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

Store and concentrate bile.

30
Q

How does the pancreas aid in digestion within the duodenum?

A

Secretory cells produce pancreatic juice which contains many important enzymes

31
Q

What is the function of the fluid produced by the peritoneum?

A

Combine the digestive organs to the abdominopelvic cavity, lubricate and protect the organs.

32
Q

What are the 3 layers of the esophagus?

A
  • Mucosa: inner layer
  • Submucosa: middle layer filled of blood vessels and nerves
  • Muscularis: external layer of longitudinal muscle
33
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the mucosa of the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

What is the major movement in the digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis

35
Q

What type of epithelium is common to the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

36
Q

What is distinctive to the tissues of the stomach?

A

Gastric Pits

37
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Muscularis layer of the stomach?

A
  • Oblique Muscle
  • Circular Muscle
  • Longitudinal Muscle
38
Q

Are goblet cells visible in the small intestine?

A

Yes.

39
Q

What is distinctive to the histology of the small intestine?

A

Villi

40
Q

Why are goblet cells so abundant in the large intestine?

A

Because they produce mucin which absorbs water.

41
Q

Define automaticity.

A

The ability to contract without nervous stimulation.

42
Q

What is rhythmicity?

A

A regular pattern of repeated contractions.

43
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in visceral smooth muscle regarding the GI tract?

A

To regulate the rate and he relative strength of contraction.

44
Q

What 2 characteristics of visceral smooth muscle are responsible for peristalsis?

A

Automaticity and Rhythmicity

A&P Lab Exam (7 decks)

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