LAB 15 -Antimicrobials Flashcards
CLSI warnings - the following combos may appear active in vitro but are not effective clinically and should NOT be reported as susceptible
Salmonella, Shigella sp = 1st and 2nd gen cephalosporins, cephamycins, and aminoglycosides
oxacillin-resistant Staph sp. = penicillins, b lactam/ b lactamase inhibitor combinations, anti-staphylococcal cephems, and carbapenems
Enterococcus sp = aminoglycosides (except high concentrations), cephalosporins, clindamycin, and SXT
amikacin
aminoglycoside
vancomycin
glycopeptides
naladixic acid
quinolones
erythromycin
macrolides
(only GP)
cefuroxime
cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin
quinolones
Meropenem
Carbapenems
Co-trimoxazole
sulfonamides
cephalothin
cephalossporin
gentamicin
aminogycside
tobramycin
aminoglycoside
ampicillin
penicillins
clindamycin
lincosamides
imipenem
carbapenem
cell wall synthesis antimicrobials
beta lactams
vancomycin
protein synthesis antimicrobials
aminoglycosides
tetracylines
chloramphenicol
macrolides
lincosamides
oxazolidinones
streptogramins
DNA and RNA synthesis antimicrobials
fluoroquinolones
rifamycins (RNA)
metronidazole (DNA)
metabolic pathways antimicrobials
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
nitrofurantoin
cell membrane and integrity antimicrobials
polymyxin B
Colistin
Daptomycin
beta-lactams
bind th enzyme inhibiting transpeptidation and inhibit cell wall synthesis (interferes with peptidoglycan cross-linking
vancomycin
- a glycopeptide
- bind the end of the peptidoglycan interfering with transpeptidation, inhibition of cell wall synthesis and growth
how do sulfonamides and trimethoprim work together?
inhibit folic acid production at two different spots on the pathway
how does Nitrofurantoin inhibit metabolic pathways?
it binds to ribosomal proteins and rRNA to affect the folic acid pathway