Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P LAB WINTER > Lab 13: Respiration > Flashcards

Lab 13: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

The lateral walls of the nasal cavity have three bony projection

A
  • superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae

* conchae divide the nasal cavity into three passageways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

palate

A
  • partition, between nasal cavity + mouth
  • hard palate: anterior, rigid due to bone reinforcement
  • soft palate: posterior, lacks bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three regions of the pharynx:

Which regions of the pharynx are also common to the digestive tract?

A
  • nasopharynx: region just above and behind the soft palate
  • oropharynx: region posterior to the mouth
  • laryngopharynx: region posterior to the larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which regions of the pharynx are also common to the digestive tract?

A

oropharynx & laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Larynx

A
  • composed of nine pieces of cartilage
  • thyroid cartilage - largest, hyaline cartilage, “Adam’s apple”
  • epiglottis - elongated flap over layrnx entrance to the (elastic cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pathway of Air

A

Air –> nostrils –> nasal cavity –> pharynx (nasopharynx –> oropharynx –> laryngopharynx) –> larynx –> trachea –> L/R. primary bronchi –> secondary bronchi –> tertiary bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal brochioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveolar sacs –> gas exchange occurs between the air/blood in individual alveoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Free movement of the lungs in the thoracic cavity is facilitated by ______

A

the pleural membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the ciliated pseudostratified epithelium specialized for its protective function in the respiratory tract?

A
  • Goblet cells: secrete mucus that traps dust/foreign particles
  • Cilia: sweep mucus with trapped particles up out of lungs to back of the throat (can cough or swallow it.
  • Function: prevent dust / foreign particles from getting into lung tissue.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

C-shaped band of cartilage in trachea

What type of cartilage is this band?

A
  • gives support and flexibility to the trachea.
  • prevent collapse of the trachea when the esophagus is distended by food
  • Hyaline Cart.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Respiratory Membrane

A

alveolar sacs + capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the alveoli? What is the function of this epithelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium: function is diffusion of gasses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pulmonary ventilation

-types

A
  • Breathing
  • movement of air into/out of the respiratory tract.
  • involve changes in the volume of the lungs which produce pressure gradients

Types
• inspiration (inhalation): movement of air into respiratory system
• expiration (exhalation): movement of air out of respiratory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intrapleural Pressure

A

pressure inside the pleura cavity (space between parietal and visceral pleurae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

pressure due to the weight of the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intrapulmonary pressure

A

pressure inside the lungs at the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Experiment: a bell jar model of the lungs

Diaphram changes

A

Diaphram contracts:

  • moved inferiorly and flattens
  • volume increases
  • pressure decrease (lungs)
  • If pressure in lungs is less than in atmophere, air moves down gradient from high (atmosphere) to low pressure (lungs) and lungs inflate

Diaphram Relaxes:

  • Into dome shape
  • Volume in thoracic cavity decrease
  • pressure in lungs increases
  • Lungs higher pressure than in atmosphere (moves from lungs [high pressure] down pressure gradient into atmospjere [low pressure])
17
Q

spirometer

A

• apparatus used to measure Lung volumes and capacities

18
Q

Tidal Volume (TV)

  • What muscles are involved during normal, quiet inspiration?
  • What is an average value for tidal volume?
A

• tidal volume - The volume of air inspired or expired with each normal, quiet respiration

Results
Approx. 500mL
Muscles: diaphragm, external intracostal muscles

19
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

- What is an average value

A

• expiratory reserve volume - volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration

Results
Muscles: abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
Approx. 1200mL male, 800mL female

20
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

  • What is an average value
  • What muscles are involved during forced inspiration?
A

• Vital capacity - maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximal inspiration to a maximal expiration

Approx. 4800mL males, 3400mL female

21
Q

Muscle Use During Respiration:

    • What muscles are involved during normal, quiet inspiration?
  • What muscles are involved during forced inspiration?
  • forced expiration
  • Normal expiration
A

Normal Quiet Inspiration
-passive process, no muscle contraction involved

Forced Inspiration
-neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid, scaline) pectoralis minor

Forced Expiration
-abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles

Normal expiration
- diaphragm, external extracostal muscles

22
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume - volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration

IRV = VC - (ERV + TV)

Neck muscles such as sternocleidomastoid and scaling and pectoralis minor

23
Q

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two ways;

C02 in 2 ways

A

Oxygen

1) majority (98.5%) is carried bound to the hemoglobin molecules within the red blood cells,
2) the rest is dissolved in the blood plasma

Carbon Dioxide

1) primarily as bicarbonate ions in the plasma (70%),
2) remaining amounts transported bound to hemoglobin and as a gas dissolved in the plasma.

24
Q

Central chemoreceptors,

A
  • located in the medulla

* respond to increases in pCO2 and hydrogen ion concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid

25
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors

A
  • located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries

* respond to increases in pCO2 and H+ and to decreases in pO2, of arterial blood

26
Q

Why does Respiration rate change when going from sitting to running?

A
  • Partial pressure of CO2 increased at muscle tissue as increase in cellular respiration to produce energy for contraction - stimulates respiratory centre
  • Lactic acid after exercise which decreased blood ph also stimulates respiratory centres
  • Increase muscle Joint receptor information, therefore increasing respiration rate
27
Q

Why can you hold you breath longer after after breathing deeply and vigorously for two minutes.

A

You removed CO2 from lungs and decreased blood partial pressure of CO2, therefore less stimulation of respiratory centre and can hold your breath longer

28
Q

Breath into a Paper bag for 2 min/

A
  • Increase respiratory rate because partial pressure of CO2 in blood stimulates respiratory centre to increase respiratory
  • When you exhale CO2 into the bag it is not removed by atmosphere and you keep re-breathing it

A&P LAB WINTER (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions