Lab 12. Gluteal Region And Posterior Thigh

Question 1

When removing fascia from the gluteus maximus, what is deep superolaterally?

Answer 1

-gluteal aponeurosis and/or tensor fascia lata

Question 2

Borders of gluteus maximus?

Answer 2

-medial attachment is not a thine line, but a wide swath along the iliac crest, sacrum, an the sacrotuberous ligament

Question 3

Where is the gluteal aponeurosis located?

Answer 3

• found superolateral to the gluteus maximus
• inferior to the iliac crest
• covering the gluteus medius muscle

Question 4

Where is the sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 4

-neat the inferior margin of gluteus maximus, medial edge of the muscle

Question 5

Where is the inferior gluteal neurovasculature?

Answer 5

-deep surface of the central portion of the gluteus maximus

Question 6

Where is the tensor fasciae latae muscle located?

Answer 6

• within the proximal end of the iliotibial tract, inferior to the ASIS
• this “gluteal” muscle can be up to 20cm (8 in) in length

Question 7

Inferior border of the gluteus medius

Answer 7

-just lateral to the superior gluteal neurovasculature b/t the gluteus medius and the more inferiorly positioned piriformis

Question 8

Superior gluteal artery and nerve

Answer 8

-emerging from pelvis superior to the piriformis, thru the suprapiriform foramen

Question 9

Inferior gluteal artery and nerve

Answer 9

-emerging from the pelvis inferior to piriformis, thru the infrapiriform foramen

Question 10

Where doe the sciatic nerve emerge?

Answer 10

• from the pelvis inferior to the piriformis and just lateral to the inferior gluteal neurovasculature
• sciatic (L. ischiadicus, related to ischium/hip)

Question 11

Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve emerge?

Answer 11

• emerges from the pelvis inferior to the piriformis, medial to the sciatic nerve
• runs on the deep surface of the fascia lata

Question 12

What froms the triceps coxae?

Answer 12

• superior gemellus, tendon of the obturator internus, inferior gemellus
• all three “fuse” together laterally prior to attaching to the greater trochanter of the femur.
• gemellus (L. gemellus, Twin)

Question 13

Quadratus femoris location

Answer 13

• inferior to the gemellus inferior and also partially covered by the sciatic nerve
• inferior to the quadratus femoris, you should see the most superior portion of the adductor magnus

Question 14

Nerve to the obturator internus

Answer 14

• adjacent/medial to the inferior gluteal neurovasculature

- small nerve entering the obturator internus

Question 15

Semitendinosus (anatomical position)

Answer 15

• it is mote superficial in the medial half of the thigh

- has a long cord-like distal tendon which sweeps to the anterior to the tibia to contribute to pets anserinus

Question 16

Semimembranosus (anatomical position)

Answer 16

• it is deep to the semitendinosus in the medial half of the thigh
• has a membranous (broad, thin) proximal tendon
• its distal tendon insert on the posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle

Question 17

Adductor magnus, location and artery

Answer 17

• anterior to the semitendinosus.
• perforating branches of the deep artery of the thigh pierce it close to the femur and adjacent to the short head of the biceps femoris
• distally is the adductor hiatus

Question 18

Long head of the biceps femoris

Answer 18

• in anatomical position, it is more superficial in the lateral half of the thigh
• converges distally with the deeper short head of the biceps femoris to attach to the fibular head
• anterior to the long head is the posterior surface of the vastus lateralis (thru the Intermuscular septum)

Question 19

3 muscle of the hamstring

Answer 19

• semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of the biceps femoris (not the short head)
• hamstring portion (ischiocondylar) of the adductor magnus is considered ‘hamstring’ as it shares a common origin (ischial tuberosity), a common innervation (tibial nerve), and a common function (hip extension)

Question 20

Short head of the biceps femoris

Answer 20

-deep to the distal half of the long head of the biceps femoris, of which it merges with distally

Question 21

Pes anserinus (goose’s foot)

Answer 21

• common distal attachment to the anteriomedial sapect of the proximal tibia of the:
  1. Gracilis
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Sartorius

Question 22

Bifurcation of the sciatic nerve

Answer 22

• tibial nerve

- common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)

Question 23

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 23

• superolateral-biceps femoris
• superomedial-semitendinosus and semimembranosus
• inferolateral-lateral head of the gastrocnemius
• inferomedial-medial head of the gastrocnemius

Question 24

Popliteal vein and artery disappear ?

Answer 24

-superiorly through the adductor hiatus

Question 25

2 branches of the popliteal artery

Answer 25

• superior lateral genicular artery

- superior medial genicular artery