Lab 11. Anterior And Medial Thigh

Question 1

The anterior compartment muscles, vastus lateralis and intermedius are found where to the femur?

Answer 1

Anterior, lateral, and posterior

-lateral Intermuscular septum attaches to the linea aspera

Question 2

Where is the medial compartment found?

Answer 2

-mostly medial, but with linea aspera attachments to the posterior

Question 3

What separates the anterior and medial compartments?

Answer 3

-separated anteromedially by an Intermuscular septum along the medial margin of the sartorius

Question 4

What feeds the anterior compartment?

Answer 4

-femoral artery and the femoral nerve

Question 5

What feeds the medial compartment?

Answer 5

-deep femoral and obturator arteries and the obturator nerve

Question 6

3 superficial inguinal tributaries to the GSV?

Answer 6

• superficial external pudendal
• superficial epigastric
• superficial circumflex iliac

Question 7

Saphenous opening, what is inside?

Answer 7

-great saphenous vein goes through the saphenous opening (circular deficiency in the fascia lata) and becomes the deeper femoral vein.

Question 8

What does fascia lata give off?

Answer 8

-as with any deep fascia, fascia lata gives off internally projecting septa, which form the large compartments, but will also invest individual muscles.

Question 9

Where does the lateral Intermuscular septum attach?

Answer 9

-attaches to the linea aspera on the posterior of the femoral shaft

Question 10

Position of vastus intermedius?

Answer 10

-is deep to rectus femoris and vastus lateralis

Question 11

Sartorius origin?

Answer 11

• L. sartor, to patch, a tailor
• a tailor sits cross-legged, the sartorius actions put the lower limb in this position (abducts hip, laterally rotates hip, flexes hip and flexes knee)

Question 12

What compartment is pectineus belong to?

Answer 12

-can be classified as anterior compartment when considering the femoral nerve innervation, but is more appropriately classified as medial compartment due to its spatial arrangement and function as an adductor

Question 13

Iliopsoas

Answer 13

• primarily considered a posterior abdominal muscle
• pass into the thigh, forming part of the floor of the femoral triangle

*combination of the iliacus and psoas major of the abdominal cavity

Question 14

Quadriceps tendon

Answer 14

• patella has formed within
• all four quadriceps muscle tendon converge to form the quadriceps tendon

*quadriceps tendon does NOT refer to any of the quadriceps tendinous attachments at their origins, only to the tendons between the muscles and the patella

Question 15

Patellar ligament

Answer 15

-continuation of the quadriceps tendon beyond the patella to its attachment on the tibial tuberosity

Question 16

Boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 16

Superior- inguinal ligament
Inferolateral- sartorius
Inferomedial- adductor longus
Floor- iliopsoas (more lateral) and pectineus (more medial) muscles

Question 17

Contents of femoral triangle, from lateral to medial?

Answer 17

• femoral nerve
• femoral artery
• femoral vein
• lymphatics

*femoral nerve is only taggable in the thigh near inguinal ligament. Once it passes into the thigh, it immediately branches into numerous cutaneous and muscular branches

Question 18

Femoral nerve innervates?

Answer 18

-provides motor and sensory innervation to structures of the anterior compartment

Question 19

Femoral sheath

Answer 19

-an extension of transversalis fascia from the abdomen and is subdivided into three compartments.

Question 20

Three compartments of femoral sheath, lateral to medial?

Answer 20

• lateral- containing the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve and the femoral artery, the continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes deep to the inguinal ligament
• intermediate- containing the femoral vein
• medial-contains fat and lymphatics

Question 21

3 arteries arising from the femoral artery

Answer 21

• superficial external pudendal artery
• superficial epigastric artery
• superficial circumflex iliac artery

Question 22

Adductor longus and artery positions

Answer 22

-deep femoral artery posterior to the adductor longus, while the femoral artery progresses anterior to the adductor longus

Question 23

Features of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

Answer 23

• typically branches off the deep femoral, but may come from the femoral artery directly
• passes laterally, deep to the superior end of the rectus femoris
• supplies the muscles and soft tissue of lateral thigh

Question 24

3 branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

Answer 24

• ascending- passes toward the tip of the greater trochanter to anastomose with the inferior gluteal artery
• transverse- passes laterally around proximal femoral shaft to anastomose with the medial circumflex femoral artery
• descending- courses inferiorly between the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius to anastomose with the genicular arteries of the knee

Question 25

Features of the medial circumflex femoral artery?

Answer 25

• it may arise from either the deep femoral or the femoral artery
• passes posterior between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles of the floor of the femoral triangle
• is the most important blood supply to the head and neck of the femur

Question 26

Nerve innervation pattern

Answer 26

-most nerves follow a fascia plane that runs at an intermediate depth, thus the more superficial muscles are fed from their deep surface, while the deeper muscles are fed from their superficial surface

Question 27

Adductor canal

Answer 27

• fascial compartment located deep to the sartorius muscle
• a sheath of connective tissue that encloses the femoral vessels, continuous from the apex of the triangle to the adductor hiatus
• begins at the apex of the femoral triangle (crossing point of sartorius and adductor longus)
• ends at the adductor hiatus (opening in adductor magnus, vessels change name from femoral to popliteal at this aperture
• contains femoral artery/vein and 2 branches of the femoral nerve

Question 28

Nerve branches in the adductor canal (branches of the femoral nerve)

Answer 28

• nerve to the vastus medialis: dives into the vastus medialis
• saphenous nerve: continues along the margin of the sartorius to eventually pierce the crural fascia of the leg to run with the great saphenous vein
• do not exit the adductor canal via the hiatus, they pierce the fascia of the canal

Question 29

Gracilis

Answer 29

• thin like a belt, longitudinally-oriented (straight down the medial surface of the thigh)
• can hide inside an investing jar

Question 30

Deep femoral artery dives?

Answer 30

-dives b/t the pectineus and the adductor longus

Question 31

Adductor brevis position?

Answer 31

-deep to the pectineus and adductor longus

Question 32

Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

Answer 32

-feed posterior compartment of the thigh

Question 33

Deep femoral artery location ?

Answer 33

-along the surfaces of the adductor brevis and magnus muscles

Question 34

Anterior branch of the obturator nerve

Answer 34

-b/t the pectineus and adductor brevis muscles (anterior to adductor brevis)

Question 35

Posterior branch of the obturator nerve

Answer 35

-appearing from posterior to the adductor brevis and anterior to the adductor magnus