2 Joint Of The Lower Limb

Question 1

Knee joint

Answer 1

• hinge joint between patella, femur, and tibia

- patella is attached to the tibia by the patellar ligament but does not articulate with it

Question 2

Capsule of knee joint

Answer 2

• located on the side and back of the knee joint

- no capsule exists in front

Question 3

Oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 3

• arises from the tendon of the semimembranous muscle

- extends upwards and laterally across the back of the capsule

Question 4

Arcuate ligament

Answer 4

-attaches to the head of the fibula, it arches over the exit of the popliteus muscle from the joint capsule

Question 5

Tibial collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament)

Answer 5

• extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condolence of the tibia, then extends on down to the shaft of the tibia
• part of the capsule of the joint, and therefore the medial meniscus is attached to it

Question 6

Fibular collateral ligament (lateral collateral ligament)

Answer 6

• accessory ligament, not a part of the joint capsule
• attached to the lateral epicondyle of the femur above and to the head of the fibula below
• helps maintain integrity of the knee joint, but is not related to the joint capsule

Question 7

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Answer 7

• located anteriorly on the tibia and extends upwards, posteriorly, and laterally to attach to the medial side of the lateral condolence of the femur in the intercondylar fossa
• where cruciate ligaments cross-the anterior cruciate is lateral to the posterior cruciate ligament
• excluded from the synovial cavity because the synovial membrane passes anterior

Question 8

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Answer 8

-attaches to the tibia posteriorly before coursing upward, anteriorly and medially to attach to the lateral side of the medial condolence of the femur

Question 9

Medial meniscus

Answer 9

• a “C” shaped with attachments at the anterior and posterior ends of the intercondylar area
• outer border of the meniscus is attached to the joint capsule

Question 10

Lateral meniscus

Answer 10

-more “O” shaped with attachments more centrally located in the intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 11

Transverse ligament

Answer 11

-anteriorly, attaches the medial and lateral meniscus

Question 12

Meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 12

-lateral meniscus gives off meniscofemoral ligament posteriorly that tends to join the posterior cruciate ligament as it approaches the femur

Question 13

Popliteus muscle

Answer 13

-arises from the lateral condyle of the femur internal to the fibular collateral ligament and the capsule may have attachment to the lateral meniscus

Question 14

Ankle (talocrural) joint

Answer 14

• hinge type synovial joint articulating the tibia and fibular above with the talus below
• capsule of the joint is weak in front and behind, but has stout ligaments at the sides, which sere as collateral ligaments

Question 15

Medial collateral ligament (deltoid ligament), a triangular shaped ligament with named parts. What are the named parts and position?

Answer 15

• tibionavicular part is the most anterior part
• tibiocalcaneal part attaches below to the sustentaculum tali
• posterior tibiotalar part is the most posterior part
• anterior tibiotalar part is a deeper layer of fibers covered by the tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal parts

Question 16

Lateral collateral ligament-3 parts?

Answer 16

• Anterior talofibular ligament-extends from the anterior surface of the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus
• calcaneofibular ligament- lies deep to the inferior fibular/peroneal retinaculum and separated from it by the tendon of the fibularis/peroneus longus and brevis muscles
• posterior talofibular ligament-runs horizontally

Question 17

2 synovial joints that articulate between the talus and calcaneus

Answer 17

• posterior talocalcaneal joint and an anterior joint called the talocalcaneonavicular joint
• these two joints are separated by the tarsal sinus which contains the interosseous ligament

Question 18

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Answer 18

• has elastic fibers
• lies under the head of the talus
• supported below by the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle

Question 19

Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar)

Answer 19

• deep to the long plantar ligament, which attaches to the calcaneus behind and to the cuboid and the three intermediate metatarsal bones
• contributes to the tunnel under the cuboid bone through which the tendon of the fibularis/peroneus longus muscle passes to reach its insertion on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones

Question 20

Metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 20

• similar to those of the hand

- plantar ligaments are joined by the deep transverse metatarsal ligament