Lab 11 Amniote vertebrates Flashcards
Amphibians
Amphibians eggs
- Similar in structure to fish eggs
- no hard shell or membrane
- gelatinous covering permeable to gases and liquids
- Usually laqid in water or moist places (prone to drying out)
- External or internal fertilization
Amniotic Egg structure
The….. and …….. protects and cushions the embryo
- Shell
- Albumen
- also a source of nutrients
There are 4 membranes in the amniotic egg
1) Amnion
Cushions the embryo
There are 4 membranes in the amniotic egg
2) Yolk sac:
Conatins the embryo’s main food supply, blood vessels attach here
There are 4 membranes in the amniotic egg
3) Allantois:
Stores waste and is the embryo’s organ for gas exhange
There are 4 membranes in the amniotic egg
4) Chorion:
Allows oxygen to enter the egg and carbon dioxide to leave the egg
Respiratory system of vertebrates
- Fish; gill countercurrent exchange; swim bladder for bouyancy
- become more efficient; increased surface area
- birds are most efficient- 2 cycles of inhalation and exhalation to support a one way flow of air through the lungs. higly efficient
Most aquatic animals, including most bony fishes
NH3: Ammonia
Mammals, most amphinians, sharks, some bony fishes
Urea
Many reptiles(including birds), insects, lands snails
Uric acid
Basic plan of vertebrate brain
The cerebrum
Largest part of the brain in mammals and cosists of four different lobes that control senses, thoughts, and movement
Basic plan of vertebrate brain
The cerebellum
- Receives information from the sensory system, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements
Basic plan of vertebrate brain
The tectum
consists of the superior colliculi which are part of the visual system and are involved in visual reflex and reactions to moving stimuli. The inferior colliculi appear as 4 bumps on the dorsal surface of the brain stem and are a part of the auditory system.
Anterior
head
posterior
tail
