Lab 1: Introduction/ Excel/ Lab Safety

Question 1

What are the kinds of data that may be plotted on a graph?

Answer 1

1) Categorical Data
2) Continuous Data
3) Discrete Data

Question 2

Categorical Data

Answer 2

• Represents mutually exclusive groups
  Ex: male vs female, Vertebrate vs. Invertebrate,
  New York vs. New Jersey.

Question 3

Continuous Data

Answer 3

• Divided into infinitely smaller units
  Ex: Temperature, shoe size, height, time

Question 4

Discrete data

Answer 4

• Continuum where certain values are possible
  Ex: Number of children in a family, number of fingers

Question 5

The most common graphs

Answer 5

1) Bar graphs
2) Histograms
3) pie charts
4) scatter plots

Question 6

A complete graph must include?

Answer 6

X/Y axis (except for pie charts), Axis labels, units, legend, and title.

Question 7

Bar graphs

Answer 7

• Consist of a series of vertical and horizontal rectangles(bars)
• The height represents the magnitude of each observation
• Each bar represents one row column

Question 8

Histograms

Answer 8

• Bar graph that shows the frequency of distribution
• The height of the bars represents the number of occurrences for each value in a data set.
• horizontal axis represent the category of occurrence.

Question 9

Pie Charts and proportions

Answer 9

• Use to graph categorical and discrete datasets with percentages or proportions.
• makes it easier to gauge relative amounts of different. variables.

Question 10

Scatter plots and correlation

Answer 10

• Relationship or correlation between continuous variables such as rate (distance over time)
• could be positive such as the correlation between age and mass in developing humans or negative such as the correlation between atmospheric pressure and altitude

Question 11

Correlation coefficient or r-value?

Answer 11

Strength of correlation

Question 12

r-value is measured by?

Answer 12

Degree of data scatter around a trendline

Question 13

the r-value and the slope of the trend lines tell us about?

Answer 13

the relationship between the 2 variables.

Question 14

The mean(average)

Answer 14

• obtained by diving the sum of observed values by the number of observations

Question 15

Standard deviation

Answer 15

• statistic that shows how much variation(dispersion is around the mean
• lower= data is clustered close around the mean
• higher= Data are most dispersed around the mean