Lab 1 Quiz Flashcards
What are the components of anatomical position?
- standing upright
- feet flat on the floor
- feet slightly apart
- arms at sides
- palms facing forward
- individual faces forward
- concept of anatomical right and left (mirror image)
What is the importance of anatomical position?
It creates a point of reference for everyone who studies the human body. It allows all professionals to speak the same language.
Name the regions.
How do the following directional terms divide the human body: anterior/posterior, ventral / dorsal, superior / inferior, medial/intermediate/lateral, proximal/middle/distal, superficial/deep
Anterior / posterior: front (belly) and back (back)
Ventral / Dorsal: belly/ back
Superior / Inferior: Above / Below
Medial/Intermediate/Lateral: toward the midline / away from the midline
Proximal / Middle/ Distal: near the attached end / away from the attached end (appendicular skeleton)
Superficial / Deep: closer to the body surface / away from the body surface
What are the four body planes and sections?
Sagittal plane: divides the body or an organ into left and right sides (midsagittal is equal halves, parasagittal is unequal halves)
Transverse / Horizontal plane: divides the body or organ into superior and inferior halves
Coronal or frontal plane: divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior halves
Oblique plane: divides the body or organ at an angle
What are the major cavities of the body?
- Dorsal cavity
- cranial cavity
- vertebral cavity
- Ventral cavity
- thoracic cavity
- pleural cavity
- pericardial cavity
- mediastinum
- diaphragm
- abdominopelvic cavity
- abdominal cavity
- pelvic cavity
What organs / membranous lining are in each section of the dorsal cavity?
- Cranial cavity
- brain
- meninges
- Vertebral cavity
- spinal cord
- meninges
What organs / membranes are in the thoracic cavity?
- pleural cavities
- lungs
- pleurae
- pericardial
- heart
- pericardium
What organs and membranes are in the abdominal cavity?
- digestive organs (stomach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, colon, appendix, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus), spleen, kidneys
- peritoneum
What organs and membranes are in the pelvic cavity?
- bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
- peritoneum
What are the the nine regions of the abdomen?
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
What are the organs contained in each of the 4 quadrants?
(Ipsi: same side, contra: opposite side)
Left upper quadrant: spleen
Right upper quadrant: liver, gallbladder
Lower Right quadrant: appendix
Lower Left quadrant: intestines
What are the functions and components of the digestive system?
- breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood; indigestible eliminated as feces
- oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, and anus
- accessories: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What are the functions and components of the skeletal system?
- framework for muscles, site of blood cell formation, stores minerals, protects and supports body organs
- bone, cartilage and ligaments (tendons, joints)
What is the function and structure of the lymphatic system?
- picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it back to blood; defends against pathogens and disease, disposes debris
- red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
Name the functions and components of the endocrine system
- secretes hormones that control growth, reproduction, and nutrient use
- endocrine glands (pituitary, pineal, hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary and testis)
Name the functions and structures of the integumentary system.
- first line of defense, synthesizes Vitamin D, protects deeper tissue, regulates body temperature, excretes salts and urea
- skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails
Name the functions and structures of the muscular system.
- produce heat, maintains posture, locomotion, facial expression
- muscles
Name the structure and functions of the Cardiovascular System
- heart pumps blood, vessels transport blood throughout the body, nutrients and oxygen are delivered to body cells and wastes carried away
- heart and blood vessels
Name the functions and structure of the respiratory system
- help maintain acid/base balance in blood, keep blood supplied with 02 and removes CO2
- nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Name the structure and functions of the nervous system
- fast response to stimuli by activating muscles and glands to help maintain homeostasis
- brain, spinal column, and nerves (sensory receptors)
Name the strucure and functions of the urinary system.
- eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, electrolyte and pH balance of blood
- kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Name the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, respectivelty.
- male reproductive: production of offspring (fertilize egg)
- prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, ductus deferens
- female reproductive: production of offspring, receive sperm and bear live young
- mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
What are the visceral and parietal layers of a membrane?
Parietal: layer on the cavity
Visceral: layer on the organ
