Lab 1 + 2 - Below Knee Origins + Insertions

Question 1

fibularis longus

Answer 1

O: lateral shaft of fibula
I: 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
A: plantarflex, evert
superficial fibular nerve

Question 2

fibularis brevis

Answer 2

O: distal 2/3 of lateral fibula
I: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
A: plantarflex, evert
superficial nerve

Question 3

tibialis anterior

Answer 3

O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
A: dorsiflex, invert
deep fibular nerve

Question 4

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 4

O: middle fibula/interosseous membrane
I: dorsal base of distal 1st phalanx
A: extend big toe, dorsiflex foot
deep fibular nerve

Question 5

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 5

O: lateral condyle of tibia/interosseous membrane
I: dorsal middle/distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: extend toes, dorsiflex ankle
deep fibular nerve

Question 6

extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 6

O: dorsal calcaneus
I: Extensor tendons of digits 2-4
A: extend digits 2-4
deep fibular nerve

Question 7

extensor hallucis brevis

Answer 7

O: calcaneus
I: dorsal proximal 1st phalanx
A: extend big toe
deep fibular nerve

Question 8

fibularis tertius

Answer 8

O: distal anterior fibula
I: dorsal 5th metatarsal
A: dorseflex, eversion
deep fibular nerve

Question 9

gastrocnemius medial head

Answer 9

O: Popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle
I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantarflex, flex knee
In: tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 10

gastrocnemius lateral head

Answer 10

O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantarflex, flex knee
In: tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 11

soleus

Answer 11

O: Posterior aspect of head of fibula, soleal line and middle third of tibia
I: posterior calcaneus
A: plantar flex and steadies leg on foot
tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 12

plantaris

Answer 12

O: Inferior end of supracondylar of femur and oblique popliteal ligament
I: posterior calcaneus
A: plantarflex
tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 13

tibialis posterior

Answer 13

O: Posterior fibula, interosseous membrane, and posterior surface inferior to soleal line
I: Tuberosity of the navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, susentaculum tali, bases of 2-4 metatarsals
A: invert, plantarflex
tibial nerve (L4, L5)

Question 14

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 14

O: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
I: plantar surface at the base of distal phalanges 2-5
A: flex digits 2-5, plantarfex, and support lateral arch
tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Question 15

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 15

O: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
I: plantar base distal phalanx 1
A: flex big toe, plantarflex ankle, support medial arch
tibial nerve (S2, S3)

Question 16

Abductor hallucis

Answer 16

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
In: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
A: Abducts and flexes 1st digit

Question 17

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 17

O: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: Abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)
In: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 18

Flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 18

O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits
A: Flexes lateral four digits
In: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 19

Quadratus plantae

Answer 19

O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
I: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
A: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
In: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 20

Lumbrical

Answer 20

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits
A: Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
In: Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3) Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 21

Flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 21

O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
I: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
In: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 22

Flexor digiti minimi

Answer 22

O: Base of 5th metatarsal
I: Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion
In: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 23

Adductor hallucis (oblique head)

Answer 23

O: Bases of metatarsals 2-4
I: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
A: Adduct and flex 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
In: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 24

Adductor hallucis (transverse head)

Answer 24

O: Plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints
I: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
In: Adductand flex 1st digit; assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
In: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 25

Plantar interossei (3)

Answer 25

O: Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5
I: Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
A: Adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
In: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 26

Dorsal interossei (4)

Answer 26

O: Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
I: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
A: Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
In: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Question 27

Popliteus

Answer 27

O: lateral femoral condyle
I: proximal posterior tibia
A: knee flexion/internal rotation
tibial nerve