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Block 6 Week 1 Colt > L8 T and B cell development - Hudig > Flashcards

L8 T and B cell development - Hudig Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the pluripotent cells?

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

Where are the B cells made?

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

Are all self-reactive B cells destroyed in the bone marrow?

A

no, but MOST of them

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4
Q

T cell made in the (blank) and mature in the (blank)

A

bone marrow, thymus

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5
Q

In the thymus, T cells are selected positively for (blank) then negatively for (blank)

A

positive for weak MHC binding, then negative for strong self MHC binding

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6
Q

Where do NK cells develop?

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

What three enzyme mutations are involved in SCID?

A

RAG1
RAG2
TdT

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8
Q

What is central tolerance?

A

deletion of anti-self T cells in the thymus

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9
Q

SCID mutations effect (t/b) cell dev?

A

both of them!

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10
Q

preT stem cells from bone marrow lack what markers?

A

Cd3,/4/8

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11
Q

preT’s in the thymus express CD25 to divide which allows them to bind what?

A

IL2

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12
Q

Where do T cells get their tCRS

A

in the thymus

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13
Q

Can the tCR still bind the MHC without it holding a peptide

A

yes, it is just a weak bind

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14
Q

Why is the first positive selection for T cells for those that can bind to self-MHC?

A

so all the binding strength during recognition doesnt have to come from the peptide alone

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15
Q

Why is the second negative selection for T cells those that bind self-MHC strongly?

A

Want the TCR to be able to bind the MHC, but not trigger activation if it is not holding a protein

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16
Q

what percent of thymocytes survive selection?

A

1%

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17
Q

By what method are the rejected T cells killed?

A

apoptosis

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18
Q

(blank)Induces Expression of Organ-Specific Proteins in the Thymus to Support Deletion of “Self”-Reacting T Cells

A

AIRE (Autoimmune Regulator)

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19
Q

AIRE is found in the (blank)

A

thymic medullary epithelial cells

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20
Q

AIRE protein interacts with multiple (blanks)

A

transcription factors

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21
Q

T/F: AIRE induced organ specific proteins can be secreted or remain in the cytoplasm, allowing both CD4 and CD8 recogntion

A

true

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22
Q

at what age does the thymus begin to regress?

A

puberty

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23
Q

bone marrow contains stem cells for what cell lines?

A

preT, B, NK, and RBCs, granulocytes, macrophages and platelets

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24
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

thymus and bone marrow

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25
Q

what are the peripheral lymphoid organs?

A

lymph nodes
spleen
GALT, MALT

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26
Q

does the thymus completely disappear with age?

A

no, just atrophies

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27
Q

the spleen clears blood infections of (blanked) bacteria, such as strep pneumoniae

A

encapsulated

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28
Q

Where does central tolerance occur?

A

central lymphoid organs: bone marrow and thymus

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29
Q

Where does peripheral tolerance occur?

A

in circulation

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30
Q

What happens if a t or b cell sees a self antigen without signal 2?

A

they will die or become anergic

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31
Q

Is T cell or B cell self-tolerance easier to break?

A

b cell

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32
Q

why do b cells break self tolerance?

A

affinity maturation which reacts with self

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33
Q

B cells will express MHC II if triggered by (blank)

A

IFNg

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34
Q

Why are B cells more likely to break tolerance?

A

NO AIRE in the bone!

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35
Q

How do B cells commonly break tolerance?

A

a true antigen gets stuck to something self; the whole complex is internalized and is all recognized as Ag

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36
Q

Does the thymus contain germinal centers?

A

no

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37
Q

Does the thymus contain B cells?

A

only a few

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38
Q

Where in the thymus is T cell proliferation?

A

cortex

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39
Q

What is the effect of glucocorticoid hormones on thymocyte proliferation?

A

depresses cortical proliferation

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40
Q

Do glucocorticoid hormones deplete T cell levels in the thymic medulla?

A

no

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41
Q

Where are Ab generating plasma cells originally formed?

A

in lymph nodes, peyer’s patches, and the spleen

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42
Q

Do plasma cells travel?

A

to the bone marrow

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43
Q

T/F: the thymus has only Efferent lymphatics

A

true

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44
Q

where does the lymph from the thymus drain?

A

thoracic duct

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45
Q

Do T and B cell interactions occur in the blood?

A

NO, almost exclusively in lymphoid organs

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46
Q

Lymph fluid lacks what two cell types?

A

RBCs and granulocytes

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47
Q

T/F: lymph contains the same proteins as plasma

A

true

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48
Q

T/F: there is lower IgM and C1q in lymph than plasma

A

true

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49
Q

Soluble antigens, macrophages, and other APCs will enter lymph nodes via (blank)

A

afferent lymphatics into the subcaspuslar sinusoids

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50
Q

What cells are in the lymph node cortex?

A

B cells

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51
Q

What cells are in the lymph node paracortex?

A

T cells

52
Q

Are B cells dividing in primary follicles?

A

no

53
Q

What follicles are B cells dividing in?

A

secondary/germinal follicles

54
Q

Are there T cells in the primary follicles of lymph node?

A

no

55
Q

Are there T cells in the germinal centers>?

A

only a select few

56
Q

Where are dendritic cells found in the lymph node?

A

Cortex and paracortex

57
Q

Where are the plasma cells in the lymph node?

A

in the medullary cords; NOT IN THE B FOLLICLES

58
Q

Is there cellular movement within the lymph node?

A

yes

59
Q

What does it take to activate a b cell in the lymph node?

A

Ag presentation by DC and signal 2

60
Q

What do b cells in the lymph node do when they are activated?

A

become APCs and show the antigen to Thelper cells, and brings it back to a germinal follicle

61
Q

The spleen clears (blank) infections

A

intravascular

62
Q

T/F: the spleen has both types of lymphatics

A

false, IT LACKS AFFERENT AND EFFERENT; served entirely by blood stream

63
Q

Where are plasma cells in the spleen?

A

marginal zone between the white pulp and red pulp

64
Q

where are the T cells in the spleen?

A

periarteriolar sheath

65
Q

Where are the B cells in the spleen?

A

primary and germinal follicles

66
Q

After trauma, should you save even a part of the spleen?

A

yes, save as much as you can

67
Q

What is the primary product of GALT?

A

IgA

68
Q

what carries Ags from the lumen of the gut to PPs?

A

M cells–specialized epithelial APCs

69
Q

Plasma cells in GALT secrete (blank)

A

dimers of IgA with a J chain

70
Q

What are the three major areas of GALT?

A

tonsillar rings, Peyer’s patches, and the appendix

71
Q

Do tonsils have lypmhatic vessles?

A

no

72
Q

Describe B cell architecture in the tonsil?

A

germinal centers and IgA-secreting plasma cells

73
Q

What type of epithelium lies of PP’s?

A

flat (thin), not columnar epithelium without goblet cells or microvilli

74
Q

What two things are released into the draining lymph from PP’s?

A

IgA blast cells and Ag

75
Q

What lymph nodes drain PP’s?

A

mesenteric nodes

76
Q

What is the fate of the IgA blast cells released from PPs?

A

they go to other secretory sites throughout the gut, AND salivary, lacrimal, and lactating mammary glands, become plasma cells and secrete IgA

77
Q

what type of MHC do M cells have?

A

MHCII

78
Q

where is the germinal center in PPs?

A

central

79
Q

where are the T cells in PPs?

A

peripherally ringing the germinal center

80
Q

Where else are M cells located besides PPs?

A

respiratory and GU tract

81
Q

What three things control gut microbiota?

A

GALT, PPs, and mesenteric lymph nodes

82
Q

What functions to limit bacterial-epithelial contact in the gut?

A

mucus layer, epithelial antibacterial proteins, and IgA secreted by lamina propriia plasma cells

83
Q

Defensins (blank) bacteria

A

kill

84
Q

IgA (blanks) bacterial adhesion

A

blocks

85
Q

RegIIIg is an antibacterial lectin that secreted by (blank) and limits bacterial peentration of the mucus layer

A

epithelial cells

86
Q

Where do Ag loaded DCs from the gut travel to?

A

PPs or mesenteric lymph nodes, BUT NO FARTHER

87
Q

IgA secreting plasma cells are found throughout the (blank) of thegut

A

lamina propria

88
Q

T/F: the appendix is part of the GALT

A

true!

89
Q

Does the appendix have lymphatics?

A

yes, both

90
Q

where are the germinal centers located in the appendix?

A

cortex

91
Q

what types of lymphocytes are found in the lamina propria of MALT?

A

plasma cells, T helper cells, and CTLs

92
Q

The mucosa of the lacrimal glands, vagina, the bladder, mammary glands is (blank)

A

MALT

93
Q

what is the first barrier to infection for HIV?

A

secretory immune system

94
Q

Dexamethasone and cortisone (blank) dividing T cells in thymic cortex

A

KILLLLLL

95
Q

T/F: local and endocrine hormones signal thymic cells to differentiate

A

true

96
Q

Thymopoietin and thymosin come from (blank)

A

Hassal’s corpuscles

97
Q

T stem cells are found in the ?

A

bone marrow

98
Q

Pro-T, pre-T, double pos T, and single positive T are found in the?

A

thymus

99
Q

naive mature T cells are found in the?

A

periphery

100
Q

At what point in differentiation does the T cells gain a/BTCR?

A

double positive

101
Q

Where does T cell germline rearrangement occur?

A

thymic cortex

102
Q

where is the second negative selection in T cell screeining?

A

the medulla

103
Q

Do T cells die naturally of necrosis or apoptosis

A

apoptosis if everything goes according to plan

104
Q

When is CD3 expressed on T cells?

A

AFTER t cells are presenting TCRs on their membrane

105
Q

What is the co-receptor for antigen recognition by CTLs?

A

CD8 itself!

106
Q

If not in the blood and you’re not a Treg, where would you find CD25 T cells and what are they doing?

A

lymph nodes and spleen and are dividing post Ag exposure

107
Q

What will trigger mature T cell division?

A

specific ags, T cell reactive lectins, or Abs to CD2 or 3

108
Q

Ag-specific proliferative assays measure the activity of what cell type?

A

T memory cells

109
Q

what are lectins?

A

proteins that bind sugars

110
Q

what are the two lectins that are T cell mitogens?

A

Con A and PHA

111
Q

Do conA and pHA stimulate B cells?

A

no

112
Q

Can mAbs to CD3 stim t cell division?

A

yes

113
Q

what radioactive method can measure T cell activity?

A

3H-TdR incorporation

114
Q

How do you measure T cell activity in VIVO?

A

ability to respond to a DTH to chemicals like DNCB upon SECONDARY skin application

115
Q

Where do you find pro and pre b cells?

A

bone marrow

116
Q

where do you find immature and mature b cells?

A

periphery

117
Q

The committed dividing B cells first only express Ig mu heavy chains and NO LIGHT chains in their (blank)

A

cytoplasm

118
Q

Where do B cells divide once they have encountered antigen?

A

in a germinal follicle in lymphoid tissue

119
Q

Where do B cells go to become plasma cells?

A

medullary cords of lymph nodes, marginal areas of the spleen, or PPs

120
Q

Where do memory B cells hang out?

A

blood circulation

121
Q

How do you measure B cell activity in vitro?

A

radioactive thymidine uptake

122
Q

What are the B cell polyclonal mitogens? What do they do?

A

protein A of Staph Aureus (binds Fc of IgG), LPS of gram neg bacteria, and EBV virions; stimulate ALL B cells to divide

123
Q

What cytokine stimulates B cell IgG1/3 production?

A

IFNg

124
Q

What cytokine stimulates B cell IgE production?

A

IL4

125
Q

What cytokine stimulates B cell IgA production?

A

TGF-b

Block 6 Week 1 Colt (11 decks)

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