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Block 6 Week 1 Colt > L4 Cellular Cooperation and Cytokines - Hudig > Flashcards

L4 Cellular Cooperation and Cytokines - Hudig Flashcards

1
Q

Where do you find MHC I?

A

all cells except red blood cells

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2
Q

What is the three step process for MHCI presentation?

A

cytoplasmic tagging (ubiquitin), degradation and presentation

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3
Q

T/F: both MHCI and MHCII present self peptides all the time even without infection

A

true

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4
Q

From what cellular compartment does MHC I get its proteins?

A

cytosol, that’s where viruses make their proteins

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5
Q

After ubiquitinating viral proteins and unfolding them, what size does the proteasome cleave them into?

A

8-11 aa’s

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6
Q

(blank) transports the proteins from the cytosol post-proteasome into the ER

A

TAP: transporter of antigenic peptides

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7
Q

Where is the Ag loaded onto the MHC I?

A

in the ER

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8
Q

Where does the AG-MHCI complex go after the ER?

A

to the Golgi

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9
Q

The golgi produces a (blank) vesicle which fuses with the PM to display the Ag-MHCI

A

exocytic vesicle

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10
Q

What size must proteins be to present on MHC II?

A

20-30 aa’s long

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11
Q

Where do you find MHC II cells

A

APCs, B Cells and endothelial cells

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12
Q

What cells types only express MHCII after induction?

A

B cells and endothelial cells

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13
Q

What is the main source of Ag for MHCII?

A

extracellular proteins

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14
Q

What is the three step process for Ag presentation on MHCII?

A

ingestion, degradation, and presentation

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15
Q

Bacterium, virus, or proteins are ingested into the (blank)

A

endosome

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16
Q

endosome fuses with the (blank) to form the phagolysosome

A

lysosome

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17
Q

T/F: extracellular virions are also presented on mHCII

A

true

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18
Q

where are the MHCII proteins made?

A

in the ER

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19
Q

Wher is the Ag-MHCII complex formed?

A

lysosome-golgi vesicle fusion

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20
Q

Describe the process of loading Ag onto MHCII ?

A

MHCII made in ER
MHC transported to golgi, packaged into exocytic vesicle
Lysosome containing degraded protein fuses with vesicle and forms Ag-MHCII complex

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21
Q

which T cell class is used to control chronic viral infections?

A

CD8

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22
Q

What must CTLs do before they can kill?

A

divide

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23
Q

What is the reason that T cells only recognize proteins?

A

only living things produce proteins; 4 nucleic acids have more variability than sugar; 20 aa’s give more ability to distinguish between self and nonself

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24
Q

What are the APCs of the skin?

A

Langerhan’s cells

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25
Q

what are teh APCs of the lymphoid organs?

A

dendritic cells

26
Q

T/F: all tissue macrophages have TLRs that recognize LPS

A

true

27
Q

T/F: tissue macrophages can detect bacterial DNA and ssRNA

A

true

28
Q

What two cytokines do all tissue macrophages produce?

A

IL1 and TNF-a

29
Q

Why are CTLs difficult to monitor for vaccine production?

A
  1. Each naive t cell has a unique TCR
  2. each t cell needs an EXACT match to the Ag-MHC complex to bind
  3. There are 1000s of different mHCI alleles
  4. to test CTL anti-viral vaccines you needs the target cells of the SAME MHCI allelle as the donor of the CTLs
30
Q

HIV nef blocks (blank) synthesis

A

MHCI

31
Q

Herpes simplex ICP47 blocks (blank) activity which prevents peptides to be transported from the proteasome into the ER

A

TAP

32
Q

CMV H301 blocks what part of MHC function?

A

surface expression

33
Q

What are the four cell types needed to cooperate to generate CTLs?

A
  1. APCs
  2. TFH
  3. TH1
  4. CTL
34
Q

Explain the cell cooperation process of generating CTLs?

A
  1. APCs ingest Ags
  2. TFH TCR binds APC-Ag; releases IL2
  3. TH1: IL2 receptor, releases IFNg
  4. CTL: IFNg receptor; granule production
35
Q

What are the three cells needed to make Abs?

A
  1. APC
  2. TH2
  3. B cell
36
Q

Describe the cellular cooperation to produce antibodies?

A
  1. APC ingests Ag
  2. TH2: releases IL4;
  3. B cell: IL4 receptor; proliferates and secretes Ab
37
Q

What cells produce TNF-a and IL1?

A

APCs

38
Q

What cells produce IL2 and IFNg?

A

TH1

39
Q

What cells produce IL4?

A

Th2

40
Q

Why is route of vaccine administration important?

A

different Ig classes in different areas: mucosal vs IM vs IV

41
Q

When would you use a live virus?

A
  1. if the virus spreads via syncytia
  2. cheaper
  3. ACTIVATES CD8 CTL
  4. Ag peptides are produced INTRACELLLARLY in the infected cell cytoplasm
  5. MHC I presentation of 8-11 aa’s
42
Q

When would you use a heat killed virus?

A
  1. Safety is higher
  2. Stores better without refrigeration
  3. ACTIVATES CD4 TH1 if first exposure, TH2 if second exposure
43
Q

How do APCs enter a lymph node?

A

afferent lymphatics

44
Q

Where are the macrophages and plasma cells in the lymph node?

A

medullary cords

45
Q

Where are the B cells in the lymph node?

A

germinal center/follicles

46
Q

Where are the T cells in the lymph node?

A

paracortex

47
Q

what happens to lymph node architecture in AIDS?

A

IT IS DESTROYED

48
Q

What are the APCs of the lymph node?

A

dendritic cells

49
Q

What is the APC of Peyer’s patches?

A

M cell; sits on the GI epithelium

50
Q

Where are the b cells in PP?

A

in deeper follicles

51
Q

Where are the T cells in PP?

A

area below the epithelium but above the follicles

52
Q

How are Ags circulated from PP?

A

lymph drains to regional lymph nodes

53
Q

T/F: Spleen has follicles containing B cells

A

true

54
Q

Where are the T cells located in the spleen?

A

periarterioalr sheath of white pulpe (PAS)

55
Q

What is the APC of the spleen?

A

DC

56
Q

Are the DCs that present Ag to the T cells in the PALS the same as the DCs that activate the B cells in the spleen?

A

no

57
Q

What kind of response do you get in a live attenuated or killed bacteria vaccine?

A

Ab response

58
Q

What kind of response do you get in a live attenuated virus vaccine?

A

cell mediated and Ab

59
Q

What kind of response do you get in a conjugate vaccine?

A

Helper t cell dependent ab response

60
Q

What kind of response do you get in a synthetic vaccine?

A

Ab response

61
Q

What kind of response do you get in a antigen vaccine?

A

Ab response

62
Q

What kind of response do you get in a DNA vaccine?

A

cell mediated and humoral resposne

Block 6 Week 1 Colt (11 decks)

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