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Block 6 Week 1 Colt > L1 Antigens , T/B Cell Antigen Receptors, Clonal Expansion - Hudig > Flashcards

L1 Antigens , T/B Cell Antigen Receptors, Clonal Expansion - Hudig Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of pathogens that the immune system must resist?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Yeast and Fungi
  3. Viruses
  4. Parasites
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2
Q

Are bacteria intra or extra cellular?

A

both

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3
Q

Extracellular bacteria get coated in (blanks) to allow them to be phagocytized by (blank)

A

antibodies

neutrophils

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4
Q

What T-cell type initiates the host macrophage response to intracellular bacteria?

A

TH1

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5
Q

What molecule does TH1 release to stimulate host macrophage killing of intracellular bacteria?

A

IFN gamma

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6
Q

A (blank) is an Ab that binds to yeast

A

opsonin

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7
Q

Are yeast and fungi intra or extracellular?

A

extra

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8
Q

Are viruses intra or extracellular?

A

intra

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9
Q

Can viruses spread without shedding particles? How?

A

Yes, by fusing tissues into a syncytium

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10
Q

What CD class is used to target viruses?

A

CD8

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11
Q

T/F: Ab always prevent viral entry

A

False, only some of the time

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12
Q

Are parasites intra or extra cellular?

A

extra

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13
Q

What cell type controls viruses in innate immunity?

A

NK cells

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14
Q

what cell type controls viruses in adaptive immunity?

A

CD8 CTLs

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15
Q

What are the three features that distinguish adaptive from innate response?

A
  1. SPECIFIC for a unique pathogen
  2. invloves T and B lymphocytes with specific Ag receptors
  3. Generates Ag-specific MEMORY
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16
Q

T/F: TCRs can recognize free viral proteins in serum

A

FALSE

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17
Q

What MHC class does CD4 recognize?

A

MHC II (4x2=8)

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18
Q

What MHC class does CD8 recognize?

A

MHC I (8x1=8)

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19
Q

Does innate or adaptive immunity elminate an infection faster?

A

ADAPTIVE

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20
Q

Are the T and B Ag receptors directly genome encoded?

A

NO

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21
Q

What cells effect cell-mediated immunity?

A

T cells

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22
Q

What three things can recognize an antigen?

A

t cells, b cells, and antibodies

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23
Q

What types of macromolecules can be used as Ags for Abs?

A

proteins, CHOs, and lipids

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24
Q

Is naked DNA, or single stranded RNA a common antigen?

A

NO

25
Q

What type of macromolecule can be used as a T cell Ag?

A

PEPTIDES only!

26
Q

What protein must the peptide Ags be bound to to be recognized by the TCR?

A

MHC

27
Q

What can used as a B cell antigen?

A

anything, including antibiotics!!

28
Q

How many chains make up the TCR receptor? What are their combinations?

A

Alpha/beta or delta/gamma

29
Q

T/F: CD3 is on all T cells

A

True

30
Q

what is the function of CD3

A

helps signal that the receptor has bound AG

31
Q

Can you be both CD4 and CD8?

A

NO

32
Q

Do CD proteins bind to the Ag or to the MHC molecule?

A

MHC

33
Q

Does the TCR bind to the Ag or to the MHC?

A

to the Ag

34
Q

Where does the foreign substance (ag) bind on the B-cells?

A

Ig receptor

35
Q

How many light and heavy chains does an Ab have?

A

2 of each

36
Q

Are the light chain and heavy chain copies identical, repsectively?

A

yes

37
Q

What are the two types of light chains?

A

Lambda and kappa

38
Q

T/F: Ag binding requires the interaction of the light chain with the heavy chain

A

true

39
Q

What holds the light chains to the heavy chains?

A

disulfide bridges

40
Q

How many amino acids or linear sugar molecules can the Ag binding site recognize?

A

6

41
Q

What does the constant region of the Ab determine?What chain makes up this region?

A

Ig class and subclass; the heavy chain

42
Q

What is the function of the hinge region?

A

to swivel to optimize binding

43
Q

What is the Fab? Where is it cleaved? Is it a monomer or dimer?

A

The antigen binding fragment, cleaved WITHIN the hinge itself, releases two monomers

44
Q

What is the Fc?

A

the crystallizable region of the antibody; pure protein with no variation

45
Q

When cleaved BELOW the hinge, what fragment is created? what makes it special?

A

F(ab’)2: won’t clear the kidneys as fast and has double the binding capacity because it is a DIMER

46
Q

How many different TYPES of receptors does each T-cell express?

A

just one!

47
Q

Describe clonal proliferation?

A
  1. APC presents a peptide Ag to a T helper cell
  2. T helper divides and produces IL-2
  3. IL-2 stimulates B-cell differentiation.
48
Q

What T cell class is necessary to begin the immune response?

A

T Helper!

49
Q

What region on the ab holds the Ag in place?

A

the CDR: complementarity determining region

50
Q

T/F: Ab to Ag binding is covalent

A

NO NO NO

51
Q

IgG1 and IgG3 bind receptors on (blank) cells

A

neutrophils

52
Q

Binding of IgG1/3 to neutrophils allows them to do what?

A

recognize opsonins and eat the fungi and yeast

53
Q

What is linear determinant for a b cell Ag?

A

Can bind to the peptide primary sequence; will still bind if denatured

54
Q

what is conformational determination for b cell ag?

A

Secondary and tertiary structure dependendant: MAIN binding region is the FOLDED protein, but CAN STILL BIND denatured protein, just not as strongly

55
Q

What is a neoantigenic determinant for b cell AG?

A

Any time you cut a protein you get new termini; this new “protein” is recognized as foreign and can stimulate autoimmunity

56
Q

Can a single Ab recognize linear, conformational, and neoantigenic determinants?

A

Yes! (with varying binding strength mind you)

57
Q

What is the first antibody produced in response to infection?

A

IgM

58
Q

What antibody allow for antigen memory?

A

IgG

Block 6 Week 1 Colt (11 decks)

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