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PSYCHOLOGY > L8: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY > Flashcards

L8: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social psychology?

A

The study of how the real or imaginary presence of other people influences our thoughts, feelings and actions.

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2
Q

Who works in the field of social psychologists?

A

Social psychologists

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3
Q

Can humans survive in isolation?

A

NO

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4
Q

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

A

The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the effect of personal disposition

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5
Q

What can impact the FAE?

A
  • culture
  • context
  • perspective
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6
Q

Foot in the Door Phenomenon?

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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7
Q

Example of Foot in the Door Phenomenon?

A

when a friend asks to borrow a small amount of money, then later asks to borrow a large amount

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8
Q

What study supported the Foot in the Door Phenomenon?

A

-homeowners study
- first put a small sticker in the window
- then obnoxious sign

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9
Q

What is the Door in the Face Effect?

A

the approach to someone with an un reasonable request, after getting turned down, a follow-up moderate request becomes more acceptable

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10
Q

Example of Door in the Face Effect?

A

when a friend asks to borrow a larger amount of money, then later asks to borrow a small amount of money

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11
Q

What is the Foot in the Door phenomenon based around?

A

Compromise

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12
Q

What is Cognitive Dissonance ?

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

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13
Q

Whats the attitude follow behaviour principle?

A

We cannot directly control all our feelings but we can influence them by altering our behaviour

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14
Q

Peripheral Route Persausion

A

uses attention-getting cues to trigger quick emotion-based judgements

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15
Q

Example of Peripheral Route Persausion

A

Endorsements by famous peoples

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16
Q

Central Route Persuasion

A

offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking

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17
Q

Example of Central Route Persuasion

A

support using convincing arguments, like strong stats or ideas

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18
Q

Who’s more susceptible to Central Route Persausion

A

People who are already compassionate about a particular topic or who are naturally analytic

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19
Q

What is Conformity?

A

Adjusting our behaviour or thinking to coincide with a group standard to avoid rejection and gain social approval.

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20
Q

What study supported the findings of Conformity?

A

-Solomon Asch
- Comparative line questions
- researchers’ friends were in on it
- gave the wrong answer on purpose

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21
Q

What are the two types of social influence?

A

-Normative
-Informational

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22
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

involves conforming to avoid rejection and gain social approval

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23
Q

Where is Normative Social Influence commonly seen?

A

in cultures that value group harmony

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24
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

involves people conforming cause they believe others are correct, occurs in ambiguous situations

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25
Q

Where is Informational Social Influence commonly seen?

A
  • following crowds without fully understanding the situation
  • buying a product cause someone you like said to
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26
Q

Examples of Conformity in Everyday Lives:

A
  • clapping
  • eating habits
  • social media
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27
Q

Pros of Conformity?

A
  • it can promote pro-social behaviours
  • ex. influencing people to donate money
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28
Q

Cons of Conformity?

A
  • it can lead it negative outcomes
  • ex. engaging in bad behaviour such as bullying
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29
Q

What is obedience?

A

When an individual complies with a direct command, typically from an authority figure, due to
- the perception of their legitimacy
- fear of consequences
- desire to comply with social norms

30
Q

What did Stanley Milgram investigate regarding obedience in his study?

A
  • put individuals up to a task that conflicted with their views as instructed by an authoritative figure
    -asked individuals to shock learners every time they gave the wrong answer
    -despite participants’ pleads they continued to administer shocks ( was an actor)
31
Q

What is Social Facilitation?

A

In the presence of others:

-Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks
-worsened performance on difficult tasks

32
Q

Example of Social Facilitation

A

-experts versus amateurs in front of a crowd
- pool players
- home team advantage

33
Q

Social Loafing

A

occurs when people exert less effort when working in a group then when there working alone

34
Q

Examples of Social Loafing

A
  • people exert less energy when clapping in a room with more people
  • blindfolded, people tug less hard when told there pulling with a group then alone
35
Q

What is Deindividulization?

A

occurs when individuals lose their sense of self-awareness and self restraint in a group situation that fosters arrousal

36
Q

Examples of Deindividulization:

A
  • mob behaviours
  • trolling online on the internet
37
Q

What social context does social loafing occur in?

A

group setting

38
Q

What social context does social facilitation occur in?

A

individual being observed

39
Q

What social context does social facilitation occur in?

A

group setting that encourges arrousal

40
Q

What is GroupThink?

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternative

41
Q

What just prejudice essentially translate to?

A

Pre judgement

42
Q

3 Ingredients of Prejudice:

A

-negative emotions
-stereotypes
-discrimination

43
Q

What is a sterotype?

A

a generalized belief about a group of people

44
Q

What is discrimination?

A

unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group or its members often based on physical appearance

45
Q

Implicit Bias vs Explicit Bias

A

Implicit = automatic associations that can influence individual behaviour/ judgements

Explicit =An influential conscious attitude

46
Q

How do you measure Implicit Bias?

A

IAT- implicit associations test

47
Q

Ingroup vs Outgroup Prejudice

A

ingroup “us” - people with whom we share a common identity with

outgroup “them” - those perceived as different from ingroup

48
Q

What is agression?

A

Any physical or verbal behaviour intended to harm someone

49
Q

Contributive Factors to Agression

A
  1. Biological
  2. Psychological
  3. Social- Cultural
50
Q

Biological Agression

A
  • heredity (twins)
  • biochemical factors (testosterone)
    -neural factors - (head injuries)
51
Q

Psychological Aggression

A
  • Dominating behaviour
  • Alcohol Ingestion
  • Frusturation
  • Low self-control
  • behaviour rewards
52
Q

Social Cultural Agression

A
  • deindividualization
  • rejection from a group
  • violent media
  • parent models (lack of father involvement)
53
Q

3 Areas of Attraction

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Physical Attractiveness
  3. Similarity.
54
Q

Attraction- Proximity

A

geographic closeness provides opportunities to breed linking

55
Q

What is the more exposure effect?

A

the tendency for repeated exposure to novel stimuli to increase our liking of them

56
Q

Attraction - Physical Attractiveness

A

physical appearance trumps sincerity, intelligence and personality

57
Q

Attraction- Similarity

A

-Opposites retract
- the more alike people are the more their liking endures
- we like those who like us

58
Q

What is passionate love?

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship

59
Q

What is Companionate love?

A

The deep affection and attachment we feel for someone with whom our life is intertwined

  • characterized by trust, calmness and stability
60
Q

What is companionate love and love route in?

A
  • culture ( devoirce rates )
  • equity ( financial status, equal benefit between partners )
61
Q

Whats one of the number one things that studies show foster a good long term healthy relationship?

A

partners equally share household chores

62
Q

What is Altruism ?

A

the unselfish regard for the welfare of others

63
Q

Bystander effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
-opposite of altruism

64
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

when a person takes less responsibility for something or is less likely to act in a situation, due to the presence of others

65
Q

Happiness fosters….

A

helpfulness

66
Q

Doing good…

A

feels good

67
Q

What is a social trap?

A

refers to a situation where individuals or groups make decisions that seem good in the short term but lead to negative consequences in the long term. I

68
Q

What is a conflict?

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions goals or ideas

69
Q

Example of a social trap:

A

hoarding toilet paper during the pandemic

70
Q

What is enemy perceptions?

A

enemy perceptions are the mental images and beliefs we have about those we consider threats, which can drive behaviour, often escalating tensions and conflicts.

PSYCHOLOGY (6 decks)

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