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PSYCHOLOGY > L7: DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LIFESPAN > Flashcards

L7: DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LIFESPAN Flashcards

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1
Q

What is developmental psychology ?

A

study of physical cognitive and social change throughout a life span

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2
Q

A sensitive period is …

A

the ideal time that an experience should happen for ideal development

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3
Q

An example of something that must happen during the sensitive period

A

Language

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4
Q

A passive child….

A

allows the environment to shape them

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5
Q

2 Research strategies for developmental learning

A
  1. cross-sectional studies
  2. Longitudinal studies
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6
Q

Cross-sectional studies …

A

measure individuals of various ages at one point in time and provide information about age differences `

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7
Q

Longitudinal studies….

A

measures a single individual or group of individuals over an extended period and gives information about age changes

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8
Q

Benefits and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies :

A

benefit: fast
disadvantage: not everyone lived the same experiences

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9
Q

Benefits and disadvantages of Longitudinal studies ….

A

benefit: you get a proper grasp of developmental progression
disadvantage: practice effects, attrition

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10
Q

What are the periods of development?

A
  • prenatal
  • infancy
  • early childhood
  • middle childhood
  • adolesence
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11
Q

POD? Conception to birth

A

prenatal

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12
Q

POD? 0-2 years?

A

Infancy

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13
Q

POD? 6-12 years?

A

Middle childhood

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14
Q

POD 12-18 years?

A

adolescence

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15
Q

Whats the name of the cells produced in order to have conception?

A

Zygotes

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16
Q

How long approximately does prenatal development last?

A

266 days- considered full term

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17
Q

Periods of Prenatal Development: (3)

A
  1. Germinal period- from conception through implantation
  2. Period of the embryo-formation of major organ systems
  3. Period of the fetus - organ systems begin to function
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18
Q

What is considered full term for a embryo?

A

38-40 weeks

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19
Q

Process of division during the germinal period is called …

A

cleavage

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20
Q

How long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?

A

3-4 days

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21
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

-a fluid-filled ball
- inner layer of cells that develop during the germinal period
- eventually what forms the embryo

22
Q

Whats the inner and outer part of a blastocyst called?

A

Inner= embryoblast
Outer= trophoblast

23
Q

What marks the end of the germinal period and the start of the embryonic period ?

A

implantation of the blastocyst

24
Q

What happens during the fetal period?

A

-rapid growth
-organs begin to function
-fetus becomes responsive and viable

25
Q

When does our internal nervous system and organs form, what stage?

A

embryonic period

26
Q

What is a teratogen?

A

any disease, drug, or environment agent that can harm a developing embryo or fetus

27
Q

Example of a teratogens:

A

-drugs
- infections
- radiation
- pollution

28
Q

T/F: Almost everyone is exposed to teratogens as an embryo.

A

True

29
Q

What factors does the effect of a teratogen depend on?

A
  • the timing of the exposure
30
Q

Teratogens introduced during the germinal period….

A

usually results in abortion

31
Q

What is synapse pruning?

A

experience determines which synapse will live or die

32
Q

Myelination

A

myelin insulates axons so that signals can travel faster

33
Q

What is the sepalincudal principle?

A

we develop from the top down

34
Q

Distal proxy means ….

A

things on the midline develop first

35
Q

What are some significant events for men and women that happen during adolescence, that mark it?

A

WOMEN= menarche, aka menstration
MEN= production of sperm

36
Q

What are some of the physical developments acquired during adolescence? For men, for women?

A
  • beginning of puberty
  • development of sex characteristics
37
Q

HPGA …

A

regulates hormones in the body

38
Q

Life expectancy:

A

the # of years an average member of a species is expected to live

39
Q

Life Span….

A

the maximum age possible for members of a given species to live

40
Q

Cellular clock theory

A

that cells have a limited period of time for division and renewal

41
Q

Wear and tear theory

A

view aging as a cumulative effect of repeated stress and damage on the body over time

42
Q

Cognitive Development:

A

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating.

43
Q

What did Piaget believe about children and there cognative development?

A

that they learn from their errors, and over come them, developed universally

44
Q

Schema …

A

-a concept that organizes and interprets information
- units of knowledge

45
Q

Assimilation….

A

the process of interpreting new information in terms of existing schemas

46
Q

Accommodation….

A

the process of modifying existing schema in response to new information

47
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

able to represent things with words and images but too young to perform mental operations

48
Q

Egocentrisim

A

inability to take the perspective of another person

49
Q

Theory of mind…

A

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states

50
Q

T/F: Development declines with age.

A

true

51
Q

T/F: cognitive abilities do not inevitably decline

A

true

PSYCHOLOGY (6 decks)

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