L7: DEVELOPMENT ACROSS LIFESPAN

Question 1

What is developmental psychology ?

Answer 1

study of physical cognitive and social change throughout a life span

Question 2

A sensitive period is …

Answer 2

the ideal time that an experience should happen for ideal development

Question 3

An example of something that must happen during the sensitive period

Answer 3

Language

Question 4

A passive child….

Answer 4

allows the environment to shape them

Question 5

2 Research strategies for developmental learning

Answer 5

1. cross-sectional studies
2. Longitudinal studies

Question 6

Cross-sectional studies …

Answer 6

measure individuals of various ages at one point in time and provide information about age differences `

Question 7

Longitudinal studies….

Answer 7

measures a single individual or group of individuals over an extended period and gives information about age changes

Question 8

Benefits and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies :

Answer 8

benefit: fast
disadvantage: not everyone lived the same experiences

Question 9

Benefits and disadvantages of Longitudinal studies ….

Answer 9

benefit: you get a proper grasp of developmental progression
disadvantage: practice effects, attrition

Question 10

What are the periods of development?

Answer 10

• prenatal
• infancy
• early childhood
• middle childhood
• adolesence

Question 11

POD? Conception to birth

Answer 11

prenatal

Question 12

POD? 0-2 years?

Answer 12

Infancy

Question 13

POD? 6-12 years?

Answer 13

Middle childhood

Question 14

POD 12-18 years?

Answer 14

adolescence

Question 15

Whats the name of the cells produced in order to have conception?

Answer 15

Zygotes

Question 16

How long approximately does prenatal development last?

Answer 16

266 days- considered full term

Question 17

Periods of Prenatal Development: (3)

Answer 17

1. Germinal period- from conception through implantation
2. Period of the embryo-formation of major organ systems
3. Period of the fetus - organ systems begin to function

Question 18

What is considered full term for a embryo?

Answer 18

38-40 weeks

Question 19

Process of division during the germinal period is called …

Answer 19

cleavage

Question 20

How long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?

Answer 20

3-4 days

Question 21

What is a blastocyst?

Answer 21

-a fluid-filled ball
- inner layer of cells that develop during the germinal period
- eventually what forms the embryo

Question 22

Whats the inner and outer part of a blastocyst called?

Answer 22

Inner= embryoblast
Outer= trophoblast

Question 23

What marks the end of the germinal period and the start of the embryonic period ?

Answer 23

implantation of the blastocyst

Question 24

What happens during the fetal period?

Answer 24

-rapid growth
-organs begin to function
-fetus becomes responsive and viable

Question 25

When does our internal nervous system and organs form, what stage?

Answer 25

embryonic period

Question 26

What is a teratogen?

Answer 26

any disease, drug, or environment agent that can harm a developing embryo or fetus

Question 27

Example of a teratogens:

Answer 27

-drugs - infections - radiation - pollution

Question 28

T/F: Almost everyone is exposed to teratogens as an embryo.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What factors does the effect of a teratogen depend on?

Answer 29

- the timing of the exposure

Question 30

Teratogens introduced during the germinal period....

Answer 30

usually results in abortion

Question 31

What is synapse pruning?

Answer 31

experience determines which synapse will live or die

Question 32

Myelination

Answer 32

myelin insulates axons so that signals can travel faster

Question 33

What is the sepalincudal principle?

Answer 33

we develop from the top down

Question 34

Distal proxy means ....

Answer 34

things on the midline develop first

Question 35

What are some significant events for men and women that happen during adolescence, that mark it?

Answer 35

WOMEN= menarche, aka menstration MEN= production of sperm

Question 36

What are some of the physical developments acquired during adolescence? For men, for women?

Answer 36

- beginning of puberty - development of sex characteristics

Question 37

HPGA ...

Answer 37

regulates hormones in the body

Question 38

Life expectancy:

Answer 38

the # of years an average member of a species is expected to live

Question 39

Life Span....

Answer 39

the maximum age possible for members of a given species to live

Question 40

Cellular clock theory

Answer 40

that cells have a limited period of time for division and renewal

Question 41

Wear and tear theory

Answer 41

view aging as a cumulative effect of repeated stress and damage on the body over time

Question 42

Cognitive Development:

Answer 42

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating.

Question 43

What did Piaget believe about children and there cognative development?

Answer 43

that they learn from their errors, and over come them, developed universally

Question 44

Schema ...

Answer 44

-a concept that organizes and interprets information - units of knowledge

Question 45

Assimilation....

Answer 45

the process of interpreting new information in terms of existing schemas

Question 46

Accommodation....

Answer 46

the process of modifying existing schema in response to new information

Question 47

Preoperational Stage

Answer 47

able to represent things with words and images but too young to perform mental operations

Question 48

Egocentrisim

Answer 48

inability to take the perspective of another person

Question 49

Theory of mind...

Answer 49

peoples ideas about their own and others mental states

Question 50

T/F: Development declines with age.

Answer 50

true

Question 51

T/F: cognitive abilities do not inevitably decline

Answer 51

true