L10: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENTS

Question 1

What is a psychological disorder?

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation or behaviour

Question 2

What 3 criteria need to be put in place for behaviour to be considered psychopathologic?

Answer 2

1. Deviance - acting outside your culture
2. Maladaptive behaviour - does it impair their ability to live daily?
3. Personal Distress

Question 3

How many of the three criteria need to be met in order to be deemed at risk of a mental disorder?

Answer 3

just one needs to be met
few sometimes
depends on the disorder

Question 4

Common myths associated with psychological disorders:

Answer 4

1. disorder must always be inherited
2. always dangerous
3. incurable
4. never contribute to society
5. weak willed

Question 5

What does the Biopsychosocial Approach say?

Answer 5

mental disorders can arise in the interaction between nature and nurture

cause by biology, thoughts and the environment you grow up in

Question 6

What would a clinician use to diagnose an exact Psychological Disorder?

Answer 6

DSM

Question 7

What does the DSM stand for?

Answer 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 7

What are anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or dysfunctional anxiety reducing behaviours

Question 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 7

• chronic high-level anxiety that is not tied to a specific threat
• difficulties controlling worries

Question 8

What are the 3 types of Anxiety Disorders?

Answer 8

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2. Panic Disorder
3. Phobias

Question 8

Panic Disorder

Answer 8

• recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety
• usually occur suddenly and un expected

Question 9

Phobias

Answer 9

• fear of a specific object or situation
• aware there being ridiculous but unable to control the fear

Question 10

Types of Phobias:

Answer 10

• animal
• natural environment
• blood, injection, injury
• situational

Question 11

Phobia of Sharks is known as

Answer 11

galeophobia

Question 12

Are fears or phobias more common?

Answer 12

Fears

Question 13

What is Agoraphobia?

Answer 13

-intense fear or avoidance of embarrassment or inescapable situations
- especially in large, open, public places
- where they would be unable to receive help in an emergency

Question 14

What is systematic Desensitization?

Answer 14

• A type of exposure therapy
• commonly used to treat phobias
  -associated a pleasant relaxed state gradually increasing an anxiety triggering stimuli

Question 15

What is OCD?

Answer 15

• intrusive repetitive fearful thoughts (obsessions)
• persistent urges to perform repetitive behaviours to control those obsessions (compulsions)

Question 16

In OCD the repulsions have to be _____

Answer 16

repetitive

Question 17

Common OCD genres

Answer 17

• hoarding behaviour
• obsessions with cleanliness

Question 18

What do some therapies do to some OCD patients with really efficient compulsions ?

Answer 18

they try to get individuals to live through their obsessions without performing their compulsions to relieve there discomfort

Question 19

When people with OCD have obsessions the compulsions become like ….

Answer 19

• superstitions
• negative reinforcers

Question 20

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 20

• disturbed behaviour that is attributed to a major stressor, that happens after the fact

Question 21

PTSD is characterized but the following symptoms that linger for 4 or more weeks after the initial experience:

Answer 21

• haunting memories
• nightmares
• social withdrawal
  -insomnia
  -jumpy anxiety

Question 22

How can two people experience the same traumatic event but not both suffer from PTSD

Answer 22

because it's likely that one individual feels they have less control over certain aspects of the experience and there ability to escape it

Question 23

If someone has a higher sensitive amygdala this means...

Answer 23

there more likly to develop PTSD

Question 24

What drug would you treat PTSD, OCD and GAD with?

Answer 24

antianxiety drugs

Question 25

What are some common antianxiety drugs? And whats the science behind them?

Answer 25

- Ativan and Xanax - depresses the CNS and elevates the GABA neurotransmitter

Question 26

Who came up with the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety?

Answer 26

Freud

Question 27

Different Perspectives when understanding Anxiety Disorders:

Answer 27

-psychodynamic perspective - classical conditioning - operant conditioning - observational learning - Cognitive appraisals - biology evolutionary

Question 28

Mood disorders are characterized by...

Answer 28

extreme disturbances in emotional states

Question 29

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 29

- long-lasting depressed mood - interferes with the ability to function - hard to feel pleasure - hard to maintain interest in life

Question 30

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 30

- similar to major depressive disorder - but milder depressive symptoms that last 2 years or more

Question 31

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 31

- repeating episodes of mania and depression - overexcited hyperactivity

Question 32

Causes of Depression

Answer 32

-Heredity -Cognitive - Neurotransmitter imbalances - Freud: strong superego -Rogers: discrepancies in self

Question 33

If you have a parent or family member with depression your ....

Answer 33

chance of having depression increases

Question 34

Stable, Global, and Internal explanations of events lead to.....

Answer 34

Depression

Question 35

Temporary, Specific and External explanations of events lead to...

Answer 35

successful coping

Question 36

Cognitive therapy focuses on...

Answer 36

faulty thinking and beliefs

Question 37

What is CBT and what does it focus on ?

Answer 37

confronts and changes behaviours associate with destructive cognitions

Question 38

Examples of Anti depressant drugs

Answer 38

Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil

Question 39

Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil are.....

Answer 39

SSRI

Question 40

What do SSRIs do ?

Answer 40

improve mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake

Question 41

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Answer 41

-used for severely depressed patients who don't respond to drug - patient is anesthetized and given a muscle relaxant - gets a shock that relieves them of deperssion

Question 42

Schizophrenia

Answer 42

- a group of psychotic disorders - general loss of the contact with reality

Question 43

Whats the most severe of adult psychiatric disorders?

Answer 43

Schizophrenia

Question 44

Whats a common misconception of Schizophrenia?

Answer 44

that its multiple personalities

Question 45

Whats some treatments for Schizophrenia?

Answer 45

-Family therapy - CBT - classical antipsychotic drugs -atypical antipsychotic drugs

Question 46

What do antipsychotic drugs do?

Answer 46

blocks receptors for dopamine and serotonin to remove the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 47

4 Main Catagories of Drugs

Answer 47

1. Antianxiety 2. Antipsychotic 3. Mood stabilizer 4. Antidepressant

Question 48

3 foundations of behavioural therapy:

Answer 48

1. Classic conditioning 2. Operant conditioning 3. Observational learning

Question 49

Dissociative Diorders

Answer 49

Splitting apart (dis-association) of experience from memory or consciousness

Question 50

Four Major forms of insight therapy

Answer 50

1. psychoanalytical 2. cognative 3. Humanistic 4. Group based

Question 51

Negative Symptoms refer to...

Answer 51

characteristics that are removed from the person’s state of being.

Question 52

Positive symptoms refer to...

Answer 52

to characteristics that are added to someones state of being