L10: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENTS Flashcards
What is a psychological disorder?
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation or behaviour
What 3 criteria need to be put in place for behaviour to be considered psychopathologic?
- Deviance - acting outside your culture
- Maladaptive behaviour - does it impair their ability to live daily?
- Personal Distress
How many of the three criteria need to be met in order to be deemed at risk of a mental disorder?
just one needs to be met
few sometimes
depends on the disorder
Common myths associated with psychological disorders:
- disorder must always be inherited
- always dangerous
- incurable
- never contribute to society
- weak willed
What does the Biopsychosocial Approach say?
mental disorders can arise in the interaction between nature and nurture
cause by biology, thoughts and the environment you grow up in
What would a clinician use to diagnose an exact Psychological Disorder?
DSM
What does the DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What are anxiety disorder?
characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or dysfunctional anxiety reducing behaviours
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- chronic high-level anxiety that is not tied to a specific threat
- difficulties controlling worries
What are the 3 types of Anxiety Disorders?
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Phobias
Panic Disorder
- recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety
- usually occur suddenly and un expected
Phobias
- fear of a specific object or situation
- aware there being ridiculous but unable to control the fear
Types of Phobias:
- animal
- natural environment
- blood, injection, injury
- situational
Phobia of Sharks is known as
galeophobia
Are fears or phobias more common?
Fears
What is Agoraphobia?
-intense fear or avoidance of embarrassment or inescapable situations
- especially in large, open, public places
- where they would be unable to receive help in an emergency
What is systematic Desensitization?
- A type of exposure therapy
- commonly used to treat phobias
-associated a pleasant relaxed state gradually increasing an anxiety triggering stimuli
What is OCD?
- intrusive repetitive fearful thoughts (obsessions)
- persistent urges to perform repetitive behaviours to control those obsessions (compulsions)
In OCD the repulsions have to be _____
repetitive
Common OCD genres
- hoarding behaviour
- obsessions with cleanliness
What do some therapies do to some OCD patients with really efficient compulsions ?
they try to get individuals to live through their obsessions without performing their compulsions to relieve there discomfort
When people with OCD have obsessions the compulsions become like ….
- superstitions
- negative reinforcers
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- disturbed behaviour that is attributed to a major stressor, that happens after the fact
PTSD is characterized but the following symptoms that linger for 4 or more weeks after the initial experience:
- haunting memories
- nightmares
- social withdrawal
-insomnia
-jumpy anxiety
How can two people experience the same traumatic event but not both suffer from PTSD
because it’s likely that one individual feels they have less control over certain aspects of the experience and there ability to escape it
If someone has a higher sensitive amygdala this means…
there more likly to develop PTSD
What drug would you treat PTSD, OCD and GAD with?
antianxiety drugs
What are some common antianxiety drugs? And whats the science behind them?
- Ativan and Xanax
- depresses the CNS and elevates the GABA neurotransmitter
Who came up with the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety?
Freud
Different Perspectives when understanding Anxiety Disorders:
-psychodynamic perspective
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- observational learning
- Cognitive appraisals
- biology evolutionary
Mood disorders are characterized by…
extreme disturbances in emotional states
Major Depressive Disorder
- long-lasting depressed mood
- interferes with the ability to function
- hard to feel pleasure
- hard to maintain interest in life
Persistent Depressive Disorder
- similar to major depressive disorder
- but milder depressive symptoms that last 2 years or more
Bipolar Disorder
- repeating episodes of mania and depression
- overexcited hyperactivity
Causes of Depression
-Heredity
-Cognitive
- Neurotransmitter imbalances
- Freud: strong superego
-Rogers: discrepancies in self
If you have a parent or family member with depression your ….
chance of having depression increases
Stable, Global, and Internal explanations of events lead to…..
Depression
Temporary, Specific and External explanations of events lead to…
successful coping
Cognitive therapy focuses on…
faulty thinking and beliefs
What is CBT and what does it focus on ?
confronts and changes behaviours associate with destructive cognitions
Examples of Anti depressant drugs
Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil
Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil are…..
SSRI
What do SSRIs do ?
improve mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake
Electroconvulsive Therapy
-used for severely depressed patients who don’t respond to drug
- patient is anesthetized and given a muscle relaxant
- gets a shock that relieves them of deperssion
Schizophrenia
- a group of psychotic disorders
- general loss of the contact with reality
Whats the most severe of adult psychiatric disorders?
Schizophrenia
Whats a common misconception of Schizophrenia?
that its multiple personalities
Whats some treatments for Schizophrenia?
-Family therapy
- CBT
- classical antipsychotic drugs
-atypical antipsychotic drugs
What do antipsychotic drugs do?
blocks receptors for dopamine
and serotonin to remove the negative symptoms of
schizophrenia.
4 Main Catagories of Drugs
- Antianxiety
- Antipsychotic
- Mood stabilizer
- Antidepressant
3 foundations of behavioural therapy:
- Classic conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Observational learning
Dissociative Diorders
Splitting apart (dis-association) of
experience from memory or
consciousness
Four Major forms of insight therapy
- psychoanalytical
- cognative
- Humanistic
- Group based
Negative Symptoms refer to…
characteristics that are removed from the person’s state of being.
Positive symptoms refer to…
to characteristics that are added to someones state of being
