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PSYCHOLOGY > L10: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENTS > Flashcards

L10: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND TREATMENTS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a psychological disorder?

A

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation or behaviour

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2
Q

What 3 criteria need to be put in place for behaviour to be considered psychopathologic?

A
  1. Deviance - acting outside your culture
  2. Maladaptive behaviour - does it impair their ability to live daily?
  3. Personal Distress
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3
Q

How many of the three criteria need to be met in order to be deemed at risk of a mental disorder?

A

just one needs to be met
few sometimes
depends on the disorder

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4
Q

Common myths associated with psychological disorders:

A
  1. disorder must always be inherited
  2. always dangerous
  3. incurable
  4. never contribute to society
  5. weak willed
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5
Q

What does the Biopsychosocial Approach say?

A

mental disorders can arise in the interaction between nature and nurture

cause by biology, thoughts and the environment you grow up in

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6
Q

What would a clinician use to diagnose an exact Psychological Disorder?

A

DSM

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7
Q

What does the DSM stand for?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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7
Q

What are anxiety disorder?

A

characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or dysfunctional anxiety reducing behaviours

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7
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A
  • chronic high-level anxiety that is not tied to a specific threat
  • difficulties controlling worries
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8
Q

What are the 3 types of Anxiety Disorders?

A
  1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
  2. Panic Disorder
  3. Phobias
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8
Q

Panic Disorder

A
  • recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety
  • usually occur suddenly and un expected
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9
Q

Phobias

A
  • fear of a specific object or situation
  • aware there being ridiculous but unable to control the fear
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10
Q

Types of Phobias:

A
  • animal
  • natural environment
  • blood, injection, injury
  • situational
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11
Q

Phobia of Sharks is known as

A

galeophobia

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12
Q

Are fears or phobias more common?

A

Fears

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13
Q

What is Agoraphobia?

A

-intense fear or avoidance of embarrassment or inescapable situations
- especially in large, open, public places
- where they would be unable to receive help in an emergency

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14
Q

What is systematic Desensitization?

A
  • A type of exposure therapy
  • commonly used to treat phobias
    -associated a pleasant relaxed state gradually increasing an anxiety triggering stimuli
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15
Q

What is OCD?

A
  • intrusive repetitive fearful thoughts (obsessions)
  • persistent urges to perform repetitive behaviours to control those obsessions (compulsions)
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16
Q

In OCD the repulsions have to be _____

A

repetitive

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17
Q

Common OCD genres

A
  • hoarding behaviour
  • obsessions with cleanliness
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18
Q

What do some therapies do to some OCD patients with really efficient compulsions ?

A

they try to get individuals to live through their obsessions without performing their compulsions to relieve there discomfort

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19
Q

When people with OCD have obsessions the compulsions become like ….

A
  • superstitions
  • negative reinforcers
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20
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A
  • disturbed behaviour that is attributed to a major stressor, that happens after the fact
21
Q

PTSD is characterized but the following symptoms that linger for 4 or more weeks after the initial experience:

A
  • haunting memories
  • nightmares
  • social withdrawal
    -insomnia
    -jumpy anxiety
22
Q

How can two people experience the same traumatic event but not both suffer from PTSD

A

because it’s likely that one individual feels they have less control over certain aspects of the experience and there ability to escape it

23
Q

If someone has a higher sensitive amygdala this means…

A

there more likly to develop PTSD

24
Q

What drug would you treat PTSD, OCD and GAD with?

A

antianxiety drugs

25
Q

What are some common antianxiety drugs? And whats the science behind them?

A
  • Ativan and Xanax
  • depresses the CNS and elevates the GABA neurotransmitter
26
Q

Who came up with the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety?

A

Freud

27
Q

Different Perspectives when understanding Anxiety Disorders:

A

-psychodynamic perspective
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- observational learning
- Cognitive appraisals
- biology evolutionary

28
Q

Mood disorders are characterized by…

A

extreme disturbances in emotional states

29
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A
  • long-lasting depressed mood
  • interferes with the ability to function
  • hard to feel pleasure
  • hard to maintain interest in life
30
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A
  • similar to major depressive disorder
  • but milder depressive symptoms that last 2 years or more
31
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A
  • repeating episodes of mania and depression
  • overexcited hyperactivity
32
Q

Causes of Depression

A

-Heredity
-Cognitive
- Neurotransmitter imbalances
- Freud: strong superego
-Rogers: discrepancies in self

33
Q

If you have a parent or family member with depression your ….

A

chance of having depression increases

34
Q

Stable, Global, and Internal explanations of events lead to…..

A

Depression

35
Q

Temporary, Specific and External explanations of events lead to…

A

successful coping

36
Q

Cognitive therapy focuses on…

A

faulty thinking and beliefs

37
Q

What is CBT and what does it focus on ?

A

confronts and changes behaviours associate with destructive cognitions

38
Q

Examples of Anti depressant drugs

A

Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil

39
Q

Prozac, Zoloft , Paxil are…..

A

SSRI

40
Q

What do SSRIs do ?

A

improve mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake

41
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

-used for severely depressed patients who don’t respond to drug
- patient is anesthetized and given a muscle relaxant
- gets a shock that relieves them of deperssion

42
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • a group of psychotic disorders
  • general loss of the contact with reality
43
Q

Whats the most severe of adult psychiatric disorders?

A

Schizophrenia

44
Q

Whats a common misconception of Schizophrenia?

A

that its multiple personalities

45
Q

Whats some treatments for Schizophrenia?

A

-Family therapy
- CBT
- classical antipsychotic drugs
-atypical antipsychotic drugs

46
Q

What do antipsychotic drugs do?

A

blocks receptors for dopamine
and serotonin to remove the negative symptoms of
schizophrenia.

47
Q

4 Main Catagories of Drugs

A
  1. Antianxiety
  2. Antipsychotic
  3. Mood stabilizer
  4. Antidepressant
48
Q

3 foundations of behavioural therapy:

A
  1. Classic conditioning
  2. Operant conditioning
  3. Observational learning
49
Q

Dissociative Diorders

A

Splitting apart (dis-association) of
experience from memory or
consciousness

50
Q

Four Major forms of insight therapy

A
  1. psychoanalytical
  2. cognative
  3. Humanistic
  4. Group based
51
Q

Negative Symptoms refer to…

A

characteristics that are removed from the person’s state of being.

52
Q

Positive symptoms refer to…

A

to characteristics that are added to someones state of being

PSYCHOLOGY (6 decks)

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