L8 L9

Question 1

The most important route for execretion is

Answer 1

Kidney or Urine

Question 2

Drugs are eliminated from the body either …… or……

Answer 2

Unchanged or Converted to metabolites

Question 3

The time taken to reduce the
plasma drug concentration by half

Answer 3

Elimination Half Life

Question 4

The amount of drug
cleared from the body per
unit of time

Answer 4

Drug clearance

Question 5

Drugs must be What to be
eliminated from the body?

Answer 5

Polar

Question 6

Other non important routes for clearance are?

Answer 6

Feces (Intestine or bile)
Lungs
Breast milk
sweat, saliva, tears, hair, and skin

Question 7

What is excreted by lungs

Answer 7

Anesthetic gases

Question 8

What stages affects the half life?

Answer 8

Metabolism and Excretion

Question 9

What are the Clinical situations resulting in changes in drug half-life

Answer 9

diminished renal or hepatic blood flow
Liver faliure of metabolism
Kidney failure of excretion

Question 10

The patient with issues in the half life duration require?

Answer 10

A decrease in dosage or less frequent dosing intervals

Question 11

Whenever the drug inhibits metabolism or in hepatic insufficiency that will cause

Answer 11

cirrhosis

Question 12

Decrease in excretion causes

Answer 12

Renal diseases

Question 13

Which routes Absorption plays an important role in

Answer 13

oral, inhalation, and dermal exposures

Question 14

The two absorption kinetic parameters of concern are:

Answer 14

1- The rate of absorption
2- The extent of absorption (or bioavailability)

Question 15

The rate of absorption detects what

Answer 15

The onset (The start of the action of the drug)
How fast it absorbs

Question 16

When a medicine is administered via non-intravenous it’s bioavailability generally decreases due to?

Answer 16

due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism
or may vary from patient to patient

Question 17

Bioavailability is one of the essential tools in which of the following
- pharmacodynamics
-pharmacokinetics
-Metabolism

Answer 17

pharmacokinetics

Question 18

What should be considered when calculating dosages for non-intravenous routes of administration

Answer 18

Bioavailability

Question 19

What might increase the volume of distribution

Answer 19

Renal or hepatic failure

Question 20

Why renal failure causes an increase in Vd

Answer 20

due to fluid retention

Question 21

Why hepatic failure causes an increase in Vd

Answer 21

due to altered body fluid and plasma protein binding

Question 22

Vd is decreased when

Answer 22

There is dehydration

Question 23

Usefulness of Vd is?

Answer 23

Calculation of the loading dose of a drug

Question 24

Clearance is also refered to as

Answer 24

The rate of excretion

Question 25

Trough level of a drug

Answer 25

lowest blood level of this drug just before next dose (near the end of its half life)

Question 26

Onset of drug action

Answer 26

The time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response

Question 27

An initial high dose of a drug given at the onset of therapy if a therapeutic concentration must be achieved rapidly

Answer 27

Loading dose

Question 28

Loading dose formula

Answer 28

V*Desired C/ F

Question 29

The dose of the drug required per unit time to maintain a desired steady state level in plasma to sustain a specific
therapeutic effect

Answer 29

Maintenance dose

Question 30

The process that side effects of drugs are misdiagnosed as symptoms of another problem, resulting in further prescriptions

Answer 30

Prescription cascade

Question 31

Prescription cascade is a pharmacological example of a

Answer 31

feedback loop

Question 32

cascades can be reversed through

Answer 32

deprescribing

Question 33

The use of numerous medications at the same
time

Answer 33

Polypharmacy

Question 34

POLYPHARMACY MORE THAN 3 MEDICATION AT THE SAME TIME
T/F

Answer 34

False/5