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BIO239 Microbiology And The Cycles Of Life > L8 Eukaryotic Microbes > Flashcards

L8 Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a protist

A

All single celled and clonal eukaryotes
Algae and protozoa

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2
Q

What are protozoans

A

Single celled heterotrophs

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3
Q

What are amoeba

A

Single celled protoxoans without a defined cellular shape

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4
Q

What is the main metabolic method of eukaryotic microbes

A

Mostly heterotrophic
Some photoautotrophs (algae)

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5
Q

What is the metabolic method of slime molds
What is their structure
What lineage are they closest to

A

Heterotrophic detritivore
Free cells or grouped
Same lineage as fungi

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6
Q

Roughly how many species of algae are there

A

70,000

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7
Q

What are the survival modes of algae

A

Single-celled or multi-celled

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8
Q

What does the prescence of chloroplasts in algae prove in terms of endosymbiosis

A

They had early symbiosis with cyanobacteria

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9
Q

What are phytoplankton

A

Marine algae

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10
Q

Why do red algae appear red

A

Phycoerythrin

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11
Q

What are the main primary producers in aquatic systems

A

Algae

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12
Q

How much carbon fixation is algae responsible for

A

45%

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13
Q

What is the distinguishing features of secondary endosymbiotic algae

A

More than 2 membranes surrounding chloroplast

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14
Q

What is kelptoplasty and what microbe displays this

A

Dinoflagellates consume primary producing phototrophic species but there is a delay in breaking them down in order to harvest their energy production

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15
Q

What proportion of photosynthesis are diatoms responsible for

A

1/5th

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16
Q

What is the unique structure that forms around a diatom made of and what is it called

A

Silicon dioxide biparte shell = frustule

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17
Q

What are amoebas predators of

A

Bacteria, algae, other protists, smalll invertebrates

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18
Q

How do amoeba move

A

Pseudopod (false feet)

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19
Q

Whatr type of pseudopod do dinoflagellaes have and why

A

Lamellar pseudopod to engulf prey

20
Q

How do amoeba ingest food

A

Engulfing it

21
Q

How does the pseudopod work

A

Actin filaments move to front and polymerise which slows cytoplasmic flow

22
Q

Explain the life cycle of slime moulds

A

Starvation cells release cyclic AMP
‘Slug’ migrates to warm light place to fruit

23
Q

What is a cellular slime mould

A

A slug made up of many individual cells

24
Q

What is a plasmodial slume mould

A

Cells merge to make one large cell with many nuclei

25
Q

What are alvelolates (what makes them different to amoeba)

A

Cell more structured

26
Q

How do ciliates move
What do they consume

A

Large number of cilia for movement and directing food to mouth
Consume bacteria and other protists

27
Q

What is the role of alveloli in the alveolates

A

Flattened vacuoles within outer cortec which support and allow flexibility of cell

28
Q

What is the role of extrusomes in alveolates

A

Deliver enzymes and toxins to food source

29
Q

What are the 2 groups of aleveolates

A

Ciliates and dinoflagellates

30
Q

What is the metabolic method of dinoflagellates

A

Phototrophs and predator

31
Q

What do dinoflagellates use for feeding

A

Pseudopod

32
Q

When did the fungal kingdom diverge from animals

A

800-900 million years ago

33
Q

How many spcies of fungi are described and how many are estimated to exist

A

140,000 described
Est. 1.5 million

34
Q

Is food for fungi broken down internally or externally and how

A

Externally by releasing enzymes into environment

35
Q

What is present in fungal cell walls for strength

A

Chitin

36
Q

What is found in fungal cell membranes

A

Ergosterol

37
Q

What is hyphal growth important for

A

Foraging for nutrition

38
Q

What is the name given to mant hyphae growing together

A

Mycelium

39
Q

What is negative autotrophism in fungi

A

Hyphae grow away from rachother forming dense network

40
Q

Where does growth and absorption of food occur in fungi

A

Hyphal tip - peripheral zone

41
Q

What effect do fungi have on their environment and why is this beneficial

A

Acidify to favour their growth over bacteria

42
Q

What do fungi release into their environment

A

Secondary metabolites and ROS

43
Q

where are yeasts often found

A

aquatic and mucilaginous environments

44
Q

what is the metabolic method of yeasts

A

sugar fermentation under anaerobic conditions

45
Q

How do yeast cells divide

A

Budding

BIO239 Microbiology And The Cycles Of Life (12 decks)

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