L8 Eukaryotic Microbes

Question 1

What is a protist

Answer 1

All single celled and clonal eukaryotes
Algae and protozoa

Question 2

What are protozoans

Answer 2

Single celled heterotrophs

Question 3

What are amoeba

Answer 3

Single celled protoxoans without a defined cellular shape

Question 4

What is the main metabolic method of eukaryotic microbes

Answer 4

Mostly heterotrophic
Some photoautotrophs (algae)

Question 5

What is the metabolic method of slime molds
What is their structure
What lineage are they closest to

Answer 5

Heterotrophic detritivore
Free cells or grouped
Same lineage as fungi

Question 6

Roughly how many species of algae are there

Answer 6

70,000

Question 7

What are the survival modes of algae

Answer 7

Single-celled or multi-celled

Question 8

What does the prescence of chloroplasts in algae prove in terms of endosymbiosis

Answer 8

They had early symbiosis with cyanobacteria

Question 9

What are phytoplankton

Answer 9

Marine algae

Question 10

Why do red algae appear red

Answer 10

Phycoerythrin

Question 11

What are the main primary producers in aquatic systems

Answer 11

Algae

Question 12

How much carbon fixation is algae responsible for

Answer 12

45%

Question 13

What is the distinguishing features of secondary endosymbiotic algae

Answer 13

More than 2 membranes surrounding chloroplast

Question 14

What is kelptoplasty and what microbe displays this

Answer 14

Dinoflagellates consume primary producing phototrophic species but there is a delay in breaking them down in order to harvest their energy production

Question 15

What proportion of photosynthesis are diatoms responsible for

Answer 15

1/5th

Question 16

What is the unique structure that forms around a diatom made of and what is it called

Answer 16

Silicon dioxide biparte shell = frustule

Question 17

What are amoebas predators of

Answer 17

Bacteria, algae, other protists, smalll invertebrates

Question 18

How do amoeba move

Answer 18

Pseudopod (false feet)

Question 19

Whatr type of pseudopod do dinoflagellaes have and why

Answer 19

Lamellar pseudopod to engulf prey

Question 20

How do amoeba ingest food

Answer 20

Engulfing it

Question 21

How does the pseudopod work

Answer 21

Actin filaments move to front and polymerise which slows cytoplasmic flow

Question 22

Explain the life cycle of slime moulds

Answer 22

Starvation cells release cyclic AMP
‘Slug’ migrates to warm light place to fruit

Question 23

What is a cellular slime mould

Answer 23

A slug made up of many individual cells

Question 24

What is a plasmodial slume mould

Answer 24

Cells merge to make one large cell with many nuclei

Question 25

What are alvelolates (what makes them different to amoeba)

Answer 25

Cell more structured

Question 26

How do ciliates move What do they consume

Answer 26

Large number of cilia for movement and directing food to mouth Consume bacteria and other protists

Question 27

What is the role of alveloli in the alveolates

Answer 27

Flattened vacuoles within outer cortec which support and allow flexibility of cell

Question 28

What is the role of extrusomes in alveolates

Answer 28

Deliver enzymes and toxins to food source

Question 29

What are the 2 groups of aleveolates

Answer 29

Ciliates and dinoflagellates

Question 30

What is the metabolic method of dinoflagellates

Answer 30

Phototrophs and predator

Question 31

What do dinoflagellates use for feeding

Answer 31

Pseudopod

Question 32

When did the fungal kingdom diverge from animals

Answer 32

800-900 million years ago

Question 33

How many spcies of fungi are described and how many are estimated to exist

Answer 33

140,000 described Est. 1.5 million

Question 34

Is food for fungi broken down internally or externally and how

Answer 34

Externally by releasing enzymes into environment

Question 35

What is present in fungal cell walls for strength

Answer 35

Chitin

Question 36

What is found in fungal cell membranes

Answer 36

Ergosterol

Question 37

What is hyphal growth important for

Answer 37

Foraging for nutrition

Question 38

What is the name given to mant hyphae growing together

Answer 38

Mycelium

Question 39

What is negative autotrophism in fungi

Answer 39

Hyphae grow away from rachother forming dense network

Question 40

Where does growth and absorption of food occur in fungi

Answer 40

Hyphal tip - peripheral zone

Question 41

What effect do fungi have on their environment and why is this beneficial

Answer 41

Acidify to favour their growth over bacteria

Question 42

What do fungi release into their environment

Answer 42

Secondary metabolites and ROS

Question 43

where are yeasts often found

Answer 43

aquatic and mucilaginous environments

Question 44

what is the metabolic method of yeasts

Answer 44

sugar fermentation under anaerobic conditions

Question 45

How do yeast cells divide

Answer 45

Budding