L8 Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards
What is a protist
All single celled and clonal eukaryotes
Algae and protozoa
What are protozoans
Single celled heterotrophs
What are amoeba
Single celled protoxoans without a defined cellular shape
What is the main metabolic method of eukaryotic microbes
Mostly heterotrophic
Some photoautotrophs (algae)
What is the metabolic method of slime molds
What is their structure
What lineage are they closest to
Heterotrophic detritivore
Free cells or grouped
Same lineage as fungi
Roughly how many species of algae are there
70,000
What are the survival modes of algae
Single-celled or multi-celled
What does the prescence of chloroplasts in algae prove in terms of endosymbiosis
They had early symbiosis with cyanobacteria
What are phytoplankton
Marine algae
Why do red algae appear red
Phycoerythrin
What are the main primary producers in aquatic systems
Algae
How much carbon fixation is algae responsible for
45%
What is the distinguishing features of secondary endosymbiotic algae
More than 2 membranes surrounding chloroplast
What is kelptoplasty and what microbe displays this
Dinoflagellates consume primary producing phototrophic species but there is a delay in breaking them down in order to harvest their energy production
What proportion of photosynthesis are diatoms responsible for
1/5th
What is the unique structure that forms around a diatom made of and what is it called
Silicon dioxide biparte shell = frustule
What are amoebas predators of
Bacteria, algae, other protists, smalll invertebrates
How do amoeba move
Pseudopod (false feet)
Whatr type of pseudopod do dinoflagellaes have and why
Lamellar pseudopod to engulf prey
How do amoeba ingest food
Engulfing it
How does the pseudopod work
Actin filaments move to front and polymerise which slows cytoplasmic flow
Explain the life cycle of slime moulds
Starvation cells release cyclic AMP
‘Slug’ migrates to warm light place to fruit
What is a cellular slime mould
A slug made up of many individual cells
What is a plasmodial slume mould
Cells merge to make one large cell with many nuclei
What are alvelolates (what makes them different to amoeba)
Cell more structured
How do ciliates move
What do they consume
Large number of cilia for movement and directing food to mouth
Consume bacteria and other protists
What is the role of alveloli in the alveolates
Flattened vacuoles within outer cortec which support and allow flexibility of cell
What is the role of extrusomes in alveolates
Deliver enzymes and toxins to food source
What are the 2 groups of aleveolates
Ciliates and dinoflagellates
What is the metabolic method of dinoflagellates
Phototrophs and predator
What do dinoflagellates use for feeding
Pseudopod
When did the fungal kingdom diverge from animals
800-900 million years ago
How many spcies of fungi are described and how many are estimated to exist
140,000 described
Est. 1.5 million
Is food for fungi broken down internally or externally and how
Externally by releasing enzymes into environment
What is present in fungal cell walls for strength
Chitin
What is found in fungal cell membranes
Ergosterol
What is hyphal growth important for
Foraging for nutrition
What is the name given to mant hyphae growing together
Mycelium
What is negative autotrophism in fungi
Hyphae grow away from rachother forming dense network
Where does growth and absorption of food occur in fungi
Hyphal tip - peripheral zone
What effect do fungi have on their environment and why is this beneficial
Acidify to favour their growth over bacteria
What do fungi release into their environment
Secondary metabolites and ROS
where are yeasts often found
aquatic and mucilaginous environments
what is the metabolic method of yeasts
sugar fermentation under anaerobic conditions
How do yeast cells divide
Budding
