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BIO239 Microbiology And The Cycles Of Life > L12 Saprotrophy > Flashcards

L12 Saprotrophy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is saprotrophy

A

Nutrition obtained from dead or decaying matter

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2
Q

What metabolic method does saprotrophy fall under

A

Chemoheterotrophy

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3
Q

How similar is the amount of carbon dioxide released by fungal decomposition to the amount released by mankind

A

The same

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4
Q

How were coal seams created

A

Vast coastal swamp forests in carboniferous period

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5
Q

What originally happened to wood that died

A

Could not decompose as a result of environmental and biological conditions so fell into water

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6
Q

When did fungi evolve

A

800 MYA

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7
Q

What is the challenge of decomposing wood

A

Dense and complex structure

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8
Q

What are the 3 main components of lignocellulose

A

Cellulose
Lignin
Hemicellulose

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9
Q

What is the primary cell wall of lignocellulose made of

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

What is the chemical structure of cellulose

A

B1-4 linked glucose chain

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11
Q

What is the most abundant biopolymer on the planet

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

What is the chemical structure of hemicellulose

A

Monomers of various sugars (xylose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose)

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13
Q

Why is lignocellulose of high value of microbes

A

Microbes will feed on sugars wherever possible

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14
Q

What is the chemical structure of lignin

A

A complex macromolecule of lingol monomers in a phenylpropanoid framework

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15
Q

What component of lignocellulose makes it so hard to break down

A

Lignin

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16
Q

How many different linkages are there in lignin and how easy are they to breakdown

A

Roughly 5
Some are easy to breakdown and susceptible to degradation, others are very difficult

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17
Q

What happens to wood that falls into the ocean and why

A

It does not breakdown well as oxygen is required for wood decomposition

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18
Q

What is the main group of fungi responsible for wood decay

A

Agaricomycetes

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of rot

A

White rot, brown rot, soft rot

20
Q

What types of rot are Basidiomycota responsible for

A

White and brown

21
Q

What type of rot are ascomycota and bacteria responsible for

A

Soft rot

22
Q

What was the first lignin decay form to evolve

A

White rot fungi

23
Q

How many types did wood decay species evolve to decay wood

A

Once

24
Q

What components of wood does white rot fungi decompose

A

Lignin and cellulose

25
Q

What causes the white colour in white rot fungi

A

Delignification

26
Q

What environment is white rot fungi likley to be found

A

Hardwood and broadleaf

27
Q

How many species of white rot fungi are there

A

2000

28
Q

How many times did brown rot fungi evolve

A

At least 7

29
Q

What environments are brown rot fungi most common in

A

Softwood, coniferous

30
Q

How many species of brown rot fungi are there

A

200

31
Q

how many species of soft rot fungi are there

A

300

32
Q

What parts of wood does soft rot attack

A

cellulose and hemicellulose

33
Q

What environments is soft rot found

A

Wet and damp habitats

34
Q

What moisture content is required in wood for soft rot to occur

A

20%

35
Q

How do brown rot fungi break down lignin to access cellulose

A

Alter chemistry of environment using Fentin chemistry to make hydroxyl radicals

36
Q

What is the largest single organism

A

fungus

37
Q

What is responsible for causing physiological, morphological and genetic responses in the rhizomorph

A

Intracellular carbon to nitrogen ratios

38
Q

What happens when a rhizomorph finds a new food source

A

All resources in the system actively move nitrogen to new food source

39
Q

When do primary decay species begin to exist in the wood

A

Well before it hits the ground, often in dead branches that are still attached

40
Q

What is the priority affect

A

When action of one species affects following colonisation
Primary species alter the wood and can influence which species move in next

41
Q

What are interaction zone lines

A

Different fungi competing with eachother release antibiotics which create different pigmentations in the wood

42
Q

When do secondary decay species move in

A

When the bow breaks

43
Q

What are some outcomes of fungal warfare

A

Deadlock,
Overgrowth (no interaction),
Replacement,
Mutual replacement

44
Q

What factors influence fungalwarfare

A

Growth rate
Colony resource
Chemicals produced
Nature of substrate

45
Q

Where do primary, secondary and teritary decay species originate from

A

Primary and secondary always originate from spores
Teritary decay species exploit cord-based resource management

BIO239 Microbiology And The Cycles Of Life (12 decks)

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