L8 - dendritic cells

Question 1

4 types of DCs

Answer 1

• Classical/conventional (cDC)
• plasmacytoid DC
• Monocyte Derived DCs/Inflammatory DCs
• ## Langerhans cells

Question 2

cDC

Answer 2

tissue resident
subgroups are cDC1 or cDC2

Question 3

what type of infections are Plasmacytoid DCs important for and how do they do so

Answer 3

viral
express intracellular PRR, TLR7 and TLR9 which help in viral recognition

Question 4

monocyte derived DCs function

Answer 4

recruited to tissues in reponse to infection

Question 5

where are langerhans cells

Answer 5

in skin

Question 6

cDC: what transcription factors is it dependent on

Answer 6

BATF3
IRF8

Question 7

which t cell does cDC1 present to

Answer 7

CD8 T cell

Question 8

what markers does cDC1 present

Answer 8

CD8aa
DEC-205
CD103
TLR3

Question 9

what IL does cDC1 make

Answer 9

IL-12

Question 10

what TF is cDC2

Answer 10

IRF4

Question 11

what is cDC2 main function

Answer 11

prime naive T cells, mainly CD4 T helper cell responses

Question 12

what markers does cDC2

Answer 12

CD11b
DC immuonoreceptor 2 (DCIR2)

Question 13

what do intestinal DCs usually express

Answer 13

CD103

Question 14

what do intestinal DCs do

Answer 14

drive tolerance to oral antigens from food and commensal bacteria
induce regulatory t cells

Question 15

what are intestinal DCs dependent on

Answer 15

TGFbets
retinoic acid (from diet)

Question 16

general ways DCs can take up antigens

Answer 16

pagocytosis
macopinocytosis
viral infection where peptides are presented via MHC I

Question 17

what are some antigen receptors

Answer 17

complement R
FcR
c-type lectins

Question 18

what phagocytic receptors activate DCs

Answer 18

DC-SIGN
Dectin 1
Receptors for complement

Question 19

what is the change from immature to mature DC called

Answer 19

licensing

Question 20

what other stuff can promote licensing

Answer 20

DAMPs
cytokines

Question 21

what chemokine is induced after licensing

Answer 21

CCR7!! (ccr5 is now downregulated)
this is a receptor for CCL21

Question 22

what does the expression of CCR7 allow for

Answer 22

DCs move from tissue to lymph nodes

Question 23

how does DC morphology change

Answer 23

have membrane folds (veils)
and express lots of MHC/peptide complexes

Question 24

what costimulatory molecules are expressed by mature DCs

Answer 24

CD80
CD86

Question 25

how does DC activity change one it matures

Answer 25

poorly endocytic
attract naitve T cells via lots of adhesion molecules and CCL18

Question 26

what is the process of presenting antigen to naive t cells called

Answer 26

priming
thhis activates any antigen specific t cells to divide into effector cells

Question 27

what response does cDC1 elicit

Answer 27

Th1 and CD8 response

Question 28

what response does cDC2 elicit

Answer 28

Th2 response

Question 29

what response does peptidoglycan elicit

Answer 29

IL12 which leads to TH1 immunity

Question 30

3 main types of antigen presenting cells

Answer 30

macrophages
b cells
dendritic cells

Question 31

how are macrophages activated

Answer 31

pattern recogtnition receptors, the same way dend cells are

Question 32

how do b cells and macrophages take up antigen

Answer 32

from intracellular pathogens and soluble antigens
(DCs can uptake a wider range of antigen)

Question 33

main diff with macrophages and b cells compared to DCs

Answer 33

macrophages and B cells usually support and interact with already primed effector T cells

DCs typically involved in priming a brand new immune response

Question 34

why did DC vaccines not work initially

Answer 34

diff between dend cells was not well understood
some not as good at priming a response against a tumour as others

Question 34

how do DC vaccines work

Answer 34

Culture a patients monocytes –> dend cells
Take the tumour, give it to the dend cells
Then put the dend cells back into the patients

Question 35

diff between first gen and 2nd gen DC vaccines

Answer 35

1st gen had immature DCs and synthetic antigens (established safety)
2nd gen has matured DCs with better methods of antigen prep = more specific antigens that stim response (better performance)