L11

Question 1

5 types of innate cells

Answer 1

• mast
• macrophage
• dendritic
• neutrophil
• basophil
• eosinophil

Question 2

what are the pahogcytes

Answer 2

macrophages
neutrophils
dend

Question 2

where do macrohaghes get made

Answer 2

monocytes from bone marrow
or
embryonic cells in deveopment

Question 3

3 ways killing can happen after phagocytosis

Answer 3

• acidification of phagosome
• fusion w/ lysosome = phagolysosome (enzymes, toxid oxygen species)
• neutrophils

Question 4

what toxic granukes do eosinophils release

Answer 4

cationic protien
major basic protein

Question 5

what do basophils relese

Answer 5

histamine
prostaglandin
heparin
leukotrienes

Question 6

what do NK cells kill

Answer 6

infected cells or tuour cells
‘altered’ cells

Question 7

how do NK cells do it

Answer 7

always express inhib + activating receptors

MHC class 1 is inhibitory ligand

if target cell is abnormal, then ligands for inihib receptors will be low

and so it gets activated

Question 7

what does the compliment system allow for

Answer 7

improve antibody-mediated killing of bacteria

also provides important early antibody-independent killing of pathogens

Question 8

where are the proteins for the complement system made

Answer 8

in liver as inactive precursors that need to be cleaved
remain in blood in inactive form

Question 9

3 pathways for complement activativation

Answer 9

. Classical
pathway
Alternative
pathway
Lectin
pathway

Question 10

Classical pathway first component

Answer 10

C1
split into C1q, C1r, C1s

Question 11

what 2 antibodies involved with classical pathway

Answer 11

IgM - C1q binds to one
IgG - C1q binds to 2

Question 12

what does binding of C1q activate

Answer 12

C1r
this then cleaves and activates C1s ( a serine protease

Question 13

Classical pathway - what does C1s cleave

Answer 13

C4 into C4a and C4b
also cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b
then
C4b binds with C2b to make C4b2a

Question 14

Classical pathway - what does C4b2a cleave

Answer 14

C3 into C3a and C3b
C3b binds to microbial surface

Question 15

alternative pathway - what needs to be hydrolysed

Answer 15

C3
into C3(h2o)

Question 16

alt pathway - what does C3(H2O) do

Answer 16

binds factor B
which allows it to be cleaved by factor D
into factor Ba and Bb

this forms C3(h2o)Bb

Question 17

what does C3(h2o)Bb do

Answer 17

C3 into C3a and b

Question 18

what lectin is important in lectin pathway

Answer 18

mannose binding lectin
mannose is found on pathogens a lot

Question 19

what happens once MBL binds to mannose on pathogens

Answer 19

MBL associated proteases (MASPS) bind to MBL

Question 20

what does MBL-MASP complex do

Answer 20

cleaves C4 and C2 the same as in classical pathway
and C3 gets activated

Question 21

how does C3 lead to removal of pathogen?

Answer 21

1. Induction of cell lysis
2. Opsonisation of pathogen (“prepare for table”)
3. Induction of chemotaxis and inflammation
4. Immune complex clearance